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GPS-X Tutorial Guide - v8.0
<!-- If the browser does not support frames put the first topic content here --> <div class="WordSection1"> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 4.0pt 0cm'> <p class="MsoTitle"><a name="_Hlk10450135">GPS-X Tutorial Guide</a></p> </div> <p class="MsoSubtitle">A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE FOR LEARNING<br /> AND GETTING FAMILIAR WITH GPS-X</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="624" height="417" id="Picture 238" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image003.png" alt="image" name="Picture 238" /></span></p> <p class="MsoSubtitle"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">GPS-X Version 8.0</span></p> </div> <b><i><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#8496B0;letter-spacing:.75pt'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before: always' /></span></i></b> <div class="WordSection2"> <p class="MsoNormal"><a name="pgfId-499" id= "pgfId-499"></a>Copyright ©1992-2019 Hydromantis Environmental Software Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><a name="pgfId-495" id="pgfId-495"></a>No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or storage in an information retrieval system - without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 18.0pt;margin-left:0cm'> <a name="pgfId-496" id="pgfId-496"></a>The information contained within this document is subject to change without notice. Hydromantis Environmental Software Solutions, Inc. makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hydromantis Environmental Software Solutions, Inc. shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Trademarks</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><a name="pgfId-3011" id="pgfId-3011"></a>GPS-X and all other Hydromantis trademarks and logos mentioned and/or displayed are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hydromantis Environmental Software Solutions, Inc. in Canada and in other countries.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><a name="pgfId-3012" id="pgfId-3012"></a>ACSL is a registered trademark of AEgis Research Corporation</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><a name="pgfId-3013" id= "pgfId-3013"></a><a name="pgfId-3014" id="pgfId-3014"></a><a name= "pgfId-3015" id="pgfId-3015"></a>JAVA is a trademark of Oracle Corporation.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Python is a registered trademark of the Python Software Foundation.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><a name="pgfId-3016" id= "pgfId-3016"></a>Microsoft, Windows, Word and Excel are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. </p> <p class="MsoNormal">GPS-X uses selected Free and Open Source licensed components. Please see the readme.txt file in the installation directory for details.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="320" height="73" id="Picture 451" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image004.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 451" /></p> </div> <span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <div class="WordSection3"> <p class="MsoTocHeading" align="center" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:115%' xml:lang="EN-US">Table of Contents</span></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306054">Introduction<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>1</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306055">Welcome to GPS-X Version 8.0<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>1</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306056">What is GPS-X?<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>1</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306057">Why Create Models of Wastewater Treatment Plants?<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>1</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306058">Objectives<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>2</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306059">Modelling environment <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>2</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306060"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Simulation Environment</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>4</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306061">Tutorial 1<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>6</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306062">Building a Plant Model <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>6</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306063">Introduction<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>6</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306064">Objectives<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>6</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306065">Building a Simple Plant Layout <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>7</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306066">Selecting Object Models<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>16</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306067"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Building a Model</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>21</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306068"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Simulation Environment</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>22</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306069"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Running a Simulation</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>24</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306070">Tutorial 2<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>25</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306071">Running Dynamic Simulations<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>25</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306072">Objectives<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>25</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306073">Creating Input Controls<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>25</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306074">Creating Output Graphs<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>28</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306075">Running a Dynamic Simulation<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>33</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306076"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Analyzing the Plant</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>34</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306077"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 3</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>38</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306078">Editing <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Layouts and Using Scenarios</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>38</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306079">Problem Statement <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>38</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306080">Objectives<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>38</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306081">Expanding the Plant <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>39</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306082">Using Scenarios<span style= 'color: windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>44</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306083"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 4</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>49</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306084">Generating Records of Model Dependent and Independent Variables<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>49</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306085">Problem Statement <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>49</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306086">Objectives<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>49</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306087">Creating a New Output Table Tab<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>49</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306088"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Additional Output Displays</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>52</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306089">Creating a Sankey Diagram<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>..</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>53</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306090"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Creating a Mass Balance Diagram</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'>..</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>54</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306091">Viewing an Energy Usage Summary<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>56</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306092">Viewing an Operating cost Summary<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>58</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306093">Generating a Report <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>59</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306094"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 5</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>61</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306095">Influent Data & Influent Advisor <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>61</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306096">Problem Statement <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>61</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306097">Objectives<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>61</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306098">Influent Data<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>61</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306099">Using Influent Advisor <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>64</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306100">Influent Advisor Warnings<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>67</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306101"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Dynamic Data Validation</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>68</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306102"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 6</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>72</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306103"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Data Input & Output</span> <span style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>72</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306104"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Problem Statement</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>72</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306105"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Objectives</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>72</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306106">Setting up Dynamic Input <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>72</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306107">Plotting Measured Data along with Simulated Results<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>82</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306108">Statistical Analysis of the Models Performance<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>84</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306109">Creating a Bar Chart for Steady-State Condition<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>87</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306110"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 7</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>91</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306111"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Using Automatic Controllers</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>91</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306112">Problem Statement <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>91</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306113">Objectives<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>91</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306114"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Using an Automatic DO Controller</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>91</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306115">Using an Automatic MLSS Controller <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>93</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306116"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 8</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>103</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306117"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The Define Function</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>103</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306118">Problem Statement <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>103</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306119">Objectives<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>103</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306120">Setting up the Layout <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>103</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306121">Defining Mass Flows<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>105</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306122">Defining an SRT<span style= 'color: windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>109</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306123">Defining Averages<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>112</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306124">Controlling SRT with Waste Pump Rate<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>114</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306125"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 9</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>117</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306126"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Sensitivity Analysis</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>117</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306127">Problem Statement <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>117</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306128">Objectives<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>117</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306129">Setting up the Layout <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>117</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306130">Setting up the Analysis Parameters<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>119</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306131">Steady-State Analysis<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>120</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306132">Time Dynamic Analysis<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>122</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306133">Phase Dynamic Analysis<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>123</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306134"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 10</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>125</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306135"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Parameter Optimization</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>125</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306136">Problem Statement <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>125</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306137">Objectives<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>125</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306138">Initial Manual Calibration<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>125</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306139">Automatic Calibration Using the Optimizer <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>130</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306140"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 11</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>134</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306141"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Basic Customization</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>134</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306142"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Problem Statement</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>134</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306143">Objectives<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>134</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306144">Setting Up the Layout <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>135</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306145"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Adding Custom Macros</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>137</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306146"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Adding Custom Input Variables</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>139</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306147">Adding Custom Output Variables<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>140</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306148">Setting Up Simulations with Custom Variables<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>142</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306149"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Running Simulations</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>142</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306150"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 12</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>144</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306151"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Dynamic Parameter Estimator (DPE)</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>144</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306152">Problem Statement <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>144</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306153">Objectives<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>144</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306154">Setting Up the Layout <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>145</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306155">Setting Up the DPE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>..</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>146</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306156"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 13</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>151</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306157"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Monte Carlo Analysis</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>151</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306158">Problem Statement <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>151</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306159">Objectives<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>151</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306160">Setting Up the Layout <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>152</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306161"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Selecting Analyze Mode</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>156</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306162"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Running Simulations</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>157</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306163">Tutorial 14<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>159</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306164">GPS-X with Python - Introduction<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>159</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306165">Problem Statement <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>159</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306166">Objectives<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>159</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306167"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">GPS-X and Python - Basics</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>160</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306168"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">GPS-X and Python – Basic Simulation</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>166</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306169">Installing Python Libraries<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>171</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306170"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 15</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>174</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306171"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">GPS-X with Python – Random Events</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>174</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306172">Problem Statement <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>174</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306173">Objectives<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>174</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306174">Setting Up the Layout <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>174</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306175">Creating a Random Event <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>175</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306176">Limiting Maximum Influent <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>178</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306177">Creating an Input Delay<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>182</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306178"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 16</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>186</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306179"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">GPS-X with Python – Sensitivity Analysis</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none; text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>186</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306180">Problem Statement <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>186</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306181">Objectives<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>186</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306182"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Two Manipulated Variable Sensitivity Analysis</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none; text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>187</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306183"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Multi-Variable Sensitivity Analysis</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none; text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>193</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306184"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 17</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>199</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306185"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">GPS-X with Python – Java Classes</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>199</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306186"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Problem Statement</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>199</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306187"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Objectives</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>199</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306188"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Adding Jar Class Paths</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>199</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306189">Using JARS to Create Real Time Plots<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>201</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc1"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306190">Tutorial 18<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>206</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc2"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306191">GPSX With Python – DDO Optimization<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>206</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306192">Problem Statement <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>206</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc22306193">Objective<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>206</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306194"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Operational Constraints</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>206</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306195">Creating an Objective Function<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>207</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306196"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Preform DDO on 0-Day Simulation</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>210</span></a></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><a href="start.htm#_Toc22306197"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Preform DDO on Dynamic Simulations</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none; text-decoration:none'>.</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>215</span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal"></p> </div> <span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <div class="WordSection4"> <h1 style='margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm'><a name= "_Toc22306054">Introduction</a></h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2 style='page-break-after:auto'><a name="_Toc22306055">Welcome to GPS-X Version 8.0</a></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306056">What is GPS-X?</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">GPS-X is a software tool that allows for the mathematical modeling, simulation, optimization, and management of wastewater treatment plants. It uses a simple drag and drop interface and comprehensive selection of unit processes to allow for users to simply develop a plant model, enter in characterization data, and run simulations.</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306057">Why Create Models of Wastewater Treatment Plants?</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Models are most commonly implemented to “stand-in” for a real plant process, when testing and analysis on the actual plant is not available or feasible. The five primary reasons are as follows:</p> <p class="MsoNormal">1. Allow for the comparison of various designs, process retrofits or operating strategies</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>Here users can simply adjust a plant design through the adjustment and/or addition of unit processes. For instance, modelling could be used to determine the sizing of the anoxic, and aerobic zones in an IFAS bioreactor to achieve a particular level of effluent quality.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">2. Verify the capacity of the existing plant</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>For a plant experiencing higher influent flows due to surrounding population growth, a model of the plant could be run at increasing flow rates to determine the flow rate at which the plants effluent quality or design capacity would be theoretically exceeded.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">3. Determine process bottlenecks</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>A plant model could allow for identification of which operational units are causing overall plant performance. For instance, it could help identify if the secondary clarifier wastage rate was too low, resulting in sludge buildup in the clarifier and higher TSS concentrations in the effluent.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">4. Identify strategies to allow for enhanced cost savings</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>Many plants are operated in a conservative manner to limit the potential for poor effluent quality. While it is extremely important to maintain good treatment of wastewater, some practises can lead to an excessive use of energy. For example, through the use of modelling, it could be determined that a plant could be operated at a DO setpoint of 1.4 mg/L rather than 2 mg/L allowing for huge energy savings and negligible change in the effluent water quality.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">5. Support regulatory decision making</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>Wastewater treatment plants are responsible for reporting to regulatory bodies. In cases where an effluent limit was exceeded they may need to provide a reasonable explanation for the cause of the exceedance. For instance, using a simulation model could help determine that consistently low winter temperatures were responsible for TAN breakthrough in the effluent.</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306058">Objectives</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Before moving forward with the tutorials, take a moment to familiarize yourself with the <b>GPS-X Version 8.0</b> interface. This introduction will provide a basic tour of the interface, allowing new users to become more comfortable with the layout, prior to building and running plant model simulations.</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306059">Modelling environment</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="685" height="355" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image005.png" alt= "image" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Once GPS-X is opened, observe the basic elements of the GPS-X interface. Make note that you are in <b>Modelling Mode</b> and the button at the top-right of the window can be used to switch between <b>Modelling Mode</b> and <b>Simulation Mode</b>.</p> <span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:107%'> </p> <h4><a name="node0" id="node0"></a>Title Bar</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:42.55pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Located here is information regarding the version of GPS-X being used, the name of the model layout being edited, and the library that the layout is using.</span></p> <h4><a name="node1" id="node1"></a>Menu Bar</h4> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Here there are several menus available:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:108.0pt'> 1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>File</b>: Contains items for file handling and manipulation. Additionally, users can access sample layouts, including those for the tutorials, create a zip folder of all files associated with the model layout, and view historical model layouts.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:108.0pt'> 2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Edit</b>: allows users to manipulate objects on the drawing board such as cutting and pasting an object or rotating it.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:108.0pt'> 3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>View</b>: allows users to adjust the look of the drawing board and how model objects are being displayed.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:108.0pt'> 4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Layout</b>: allows the user to specify global simulation properties, customized user-code and common plant-wide properties.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:108.0pt'> 5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Tools</b>:allows access to items relating to the setup and use of a plant model.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:108.0pt'> 6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Library</b>: provides access to a list of available libraries in GPS-X. Please access the <b>Technical Reference Manual</b> for more information.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:108.0pt'> 7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Help</b>: Under <b><i>Help>Manuals</i></b>, users can reference 5 documents relating to GPS-X. These should be referred to first when troubleshooting or learning how to use the software. By selecting</p> <h4><a name="node2" id="node2"></a>Tool Bar</h4> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The buttons in this section allow for quick access to particular functions in GPS-X. All of these functions are found in the menus presented in the menu bar.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <h4><a name="node3" id="node3"></a>Process Model Objects</h4> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">These are the available model objects that can be used to construct the plant models. These are divided into subsections based on their function. For example, under the Suspended Growth Processes header, users can locate objects for a CSTR, plug-flow tank, and a membrane bioreactor.</span></p> <h4><a name="node4" id="node4"></a>Drawing Board</h4> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">This large white space is where the model objects are arranged to construct a plant model.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Using the button at the top-right of the screen you can switch into Simulation Mode. Observe the basic elements of the interface.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306060"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Simulation Environment</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="512" height="279" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image006.png" alt= "image" /></span></p> <h4><a name="node5" id="node5"></a>Input Controllers</h4> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Here users can create controllers for specific plant properties. For example, shown above are controllers for the influent total carbonaceous BOD, total TKN and influent flow, as well as some process control variables. These allows users to have quick access to variables to be adjusted during a model simulation.</span></p> <h4><a name="node6" id="node6"></a>Drawing Board</h4> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">This space contains a copy of the plant model. Here users can access all of the same menus that are available in Modelling Mode.</span></p> <h4><a name="node7" id="node7"></a>Output</h4> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">This area contains the output graphic displays. Automatically tabs are created for each model object, and users have the opportunity to develop their own custom tables and graphs to display key characteristics of interest.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Once a simulation is run, users have access to buttons to export results, display mass and flow rates on the plant schematic (<b>Sankey and Mass Balance Diagrams</b>), and observe the <b>Energy Usage Summary</b> and <b>Operating Cost Summary</b> information.</span></p> <h4><a name="node8" id="node8"></a>Simulation Toolbar</h4> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Here users can run the plant simulations. There are <b>Play</b>, <b>Continue</b>, and <b>Pause</b> buttons, and the bar allows for users to see the extent of convergence when the simulation is running. Additionally, within this toolbar, users can create <b>customized scenarios</b> that allow for adjustment of specific model properties.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The subsequent tutorials contained within this manual will provide an in-depth exploration of the GPS-X interface and features available in this software. Tutorials 1 – 8 should be completed if you are new to using GPS-X, while the remaining tutorials cover specific topics that may not be applicable for every user.</span></p> </div> <span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <div class="WordSection5"> <h1><a name="_Hlk500751613"></a><a name= "_Ref478646284"></a><a name="_Toc22306061"></a><span style= 'font-weight:normal'>Tutorial 1<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> </h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2 style='page-break-after:auto'><a name="_Toc22306062">Building a Plant Model</a></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306063">Introduction</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>Dynamic process models have great potential for assisting operators, engineers and managers. However, in the past dynamic models were not used very often because the cost of building models, running simulations and interpreting the results were too expensive. In order to simplify the modelling process and therefore reduce costs, you need tools to aid you with the steps in any modelling exercise.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>A tool like GPS-X is invaluable as its easy-to-use interface connected to a powerful library of simulation models will greatly reduce the expense of carrying out simulation studies.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:36.0pt'> There are five major steps in any modelling study:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:144.0pt;text-indent:-36.0pt;line-height:150%'> 1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Model construction</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:144.0pt;text-indent:-36.0pt;line-height:150%'> 2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Model calibration</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:144.0pt;text-indent:-36.0pt;line-height:150%'> 3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Scenario development</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:144.0pt;text-indent:-36.0pt;line-height:150%'> 4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Simulation</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:144.0pt;text-indent:-36.0pt;line-height:150%'> 5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Interpretation of results</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>In this tutorial, you will develop and simulate a simple steady state model of an activated sludge system.</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306064">Objectives</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:36.0pt'> This tutorial covers the following topics:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:144.0pt;text-indent:-36.0pt;line-height:150%'> 1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Gaining familiarity with the GPS-X interface and the tools available</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:144.0pt;text-indent:-36.0pt;line-height:150%'> 2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Building a simple plant layout</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:144.0pt;text-indent:-36.0pt;line-height:150%'> 3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Running a simple simulation</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>When you have finished this tutorial, you will be able to build a process layout in the modelling environment and then simulate it in the simulation environment. This provides a supporting basis for the subsequent tutorials where you will learn how to create interactive controls and output graphics</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> </p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306065"></a><a name= "_Building_a_Simple"></a>Building a Simple Plant Layout</h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">After opening a new file in GPS-X:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Select the <b>Comprehensive – Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, pH</b> <b>(mantis2lib)</b> from the <b>Library</b> menu (if it isn’t already selected).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-left:60.55pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-18.0pt;page-break-after:avoid'> <img width="353" height="149" id="Picture 195" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image007.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 195" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref16846584">Figure</a> 1‑1 - Select Library</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Locate the</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Process Table</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">on the left-hand side of the GPS-X window. These <i>icons</i> are used to build a plant layout. Icons represent the unit processes and control points in a layout. The icons are separated into groups of like objects, such as <i>Preliminary Treatment, Suspended Growth Processes,</i> and <i>Biosolids Treatment</i>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="96" height="320" id="Picture 202" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image008.png" alt="image" name="Picture 202" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Toc478379501">Figure</a> 1‑2 – Process Table</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'>The <em><b><span style='font-style:normal'>Process</span></b></em> <em><b><span style='font-style:normal'>Table</span></b></em> contains the unit process icons used to construct a treatment plant model. Each icon is identified by process name. The process name is also displayed in a tooltip if you hold the cursor over any object in your drawing board.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'>We will start by building a simple wastewater treatment plant consisting of 4 objects:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:172.05pt;text-indent:-9.65pt;line-height:normal'> <a name="_Hlk20899531"></a><a name="pgfId-229" id= "pgfId-229"></a><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Symbol;color:black'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='color:black'>An influent</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:172.05pt;text-indent:-9.65pt;line-height:normal'> <a name="pgfId-230" id="pgfId-230"></a><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='color:black'>An aeration tank</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:172.05pt;text-indent:-9.65pt;line-height:normal'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='color:black'>A secondary clarifier</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:172.05pt;text-indent:-9.65pt;line-height:normal'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='color:black'>A Wastewater Outfall</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="66" style='width:49.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US"><img width= "33" height="27" id="Picture 123" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image009.png" alt= "A picture containing object Description automatically generated" name="Picture 123" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:23.3pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Place the Wastewater Influent object on the drawing board.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">If the <i>Influent</i> group is not selected in the process table, click on the <i>Influent</i> process group to display the influent process objects. Place the cursor over the brown arrow influent object. Click on the left mouse button and with the button pressed, <i>drag</i> the cursor to the center of the drawing board and <i>drop</i> the object by releasing the mouse button. The influent object now appears in the drawing board. You can drop as many of these objects as desired by repeating this procedure. For now, drop only one influent object.</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="66" style='width:49.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="33" height="28" id= "Picture 125" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image010.png" alt= "A close up of a logo Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 125" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:23.3pt;text-indent:-21.3pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select the Plug-Flow Tank icon</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">(<i>Suspended Growth processes group</i>) and drop it on the drawing board to the right of the influent object.</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="66" style='width:49.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="33" height="30" id= "Picture 127" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image011.png" alt="image" name="Picture 127" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:23.3pt;text-indent:-21.3pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height:115%' xml:lang= "EN-US">Select the Circular Secondary Clarifier icon</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">(<i>Secondary Clarifiers processes group</i>) and it to the right of the plug flow reactor. </span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="66" style='width:49.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="33" height="25" id= "Picture 130" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image012.png" alt="image" name="Picture 130" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:23.3pt;text-indent:-21.3pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='line-height:115%' xml:lang= "EN-US">Select the Wastewater Outfall icon</span></b> <span lang= "EN-US" style='line-height:115%' xml:lang="EN-US">(<i>Effluent group</i>) and drop it to the right of the circular secondary clarifier.</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="66" style='width:49.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="12" height="26" id= "Picture 135" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image013.png" alt= "A close up of a logo Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 135" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:23.3pt;text-indent:-21.3pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">(Optional) <b>Close the Process Table</b> by clicking on the left-pointing arrow at the top-right corner of the <b>Process Table</b> or by going to <b><i>View > Toolbars > Process Table</i></b> from the main menu.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'> <span style='color:black'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:54.0pt'>The drawing board should now look similar to the <b>Figure 1‑3</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="451" height="254" id="Picture 465" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image014.png" alt="image" name="Picture 465" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref478551477"></a><a name= "_Ref20902915">Figure</a> 1‑3 – Drawing Board with 4 Unit Processes</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:97.85pt'> <td width="28" style= 'width:21.05pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:97.85pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="21" height="21" id= "Picture 136" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image015.png" alt="image" name="Picture 136" /></span></p> </td> <td width="595" valign="top" style= 'width:446.45pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:97.85pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:37.55pt;text-indent:-21.3pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Zoom in by using the Locator.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> This is a simple plant with a large amount of white space on the drawing board, and zooming will allow us to see the objects on the drawing board more clearly. The <b>Locator</b> can be used to zoom in on an area of interest while leaving white space for additional objects. The <b>Locator</b> can be accessed by going to <b><i>View > Zoom</i></b>. The <b>Locator</b> window will be displayed as shown in</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Figure 1‑4</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="183" height="146" id="Picture 466" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image016.png" alt="image" name="Picture 466" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref478551730"></a><a name= "_Ref20903011">Figure</a> 1‑4 – Locator Window</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> 8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Zoom in or out</b> by selecting a region in the <em><b><span style='font-style:normal'>Locator</span></b></em> window (left-click, drag and release). Try selecting an area much larger than the rectangle currently displayed in the <em><b><span style= 'font-style:normal'>Locator</span></b></em>window. When you release the mouse button the drawing board is refreshed and the icons on the drawing board appear smaller. Try dragging-out a smaller rectangle around the process units and note the effect in the main drawing board area. You should see an enlarged view like that shown in <b>Figure 1‑5</b>.</p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:70.55pt'> <td width="519" valign="top" style= 'width:389.1pt;border:solid #70AD47 1.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:70.55pt'> <p class="cellbody" align="left" style= 'margin-bottom:10.0pt;text-align:left; line-height:125%'><a name= "_Hlk20903428"><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">NOTE:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> The area in the <em><b><span style= 'font-style:normal'>Locator</span></b></em> window represents the <b>total</b> available drawing area. When you drag out a region in the <em><b><span style= 'font-style:normal'>Locator</span></b></em> window and release the mouse button the region within the drag rectangle is displayed in the drawing board area, scaled as necessary.</span></a></p> <p class="cellbody" align="left" style= 'margin-bottom:10.0pt;text-align:left; line-height:125%'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Alternatively, the mouse wheel can also be used to zoom in and out on the layout.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="405" height="228" id="Picture 207" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image017.png" alt="image" name="Picture 207" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9581326">Figure</a> 1‑5 – Enlarged Drawing Board Area</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:21.05pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="47" valign="top" style= 'width:35.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:0cm; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:0cm; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="22" height="19" id= "Picture 149" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image018.png" alt= "A close up of a logo Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 149" /></span></p> </td> <td width="548" valign="top" style= 'width:411.05pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:37.05pt;text-indent: -21.25pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Zoom in by using the Zoom to selection/plant</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. The <b>Zoom to selection/plant</b> button located on the main toolbar will automatically adjust the current level of zoom to fit all objects on the drawing board.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent: 0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:37.15pt;text-indent: 0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">This functionality can also be used to automatically zoom in on a specific region of the plant. This can be done by clicking and dragging the blue box around the area of interest. Pressing the <b>Zoom to selection/plant</b> button will zoom in on the highlighted area to fill the drawing board.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="461" height= "343" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image019.png" alt= "image" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 1‑6 - Using Zoom to Selection/Plant to Zoom on a Region of Interest</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Press the <b>Zoom to selection/plant</b> button to obtain the enlarged view of the entire plant again.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> 10.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> <b>Specify the connectivity between the objects.</b> This is critical in the specification of a flow sheet as all material balances, and therefore the equations which result, are based on the connectivity in the layout. When you specify these connections, remember that the flow lines are <i>directional</i>, i.e., materials flow from the initial point to the terminal point of the flow connection.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:13.95pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="47" valign="top" style= 'width:35.45pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:0cm; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:0cm; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" align="center" style= 'margin-left:0cm; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="32" height="32" id= "Picture 179" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image020.gif" alt="image" name="Picture 179" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:16.2pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">To specify the connectivity between objects, in the drawing board, move the pointer over the influent object connection point. You will know that you are over the connection point when the mouse pointer changes from the default `Windows' arrow to a connecting arrow. When the connecting arrow appears, click to anchor the flow line at this initial point.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'>Next, drag the pointer from the influent object to the influent connection point of the plug flow tank (top left hand corner of the icon, NOT the return flow connection point just below on the left-hand side of the icon). When the connecting arrow re-appears, release the mouse button. A connecting pipe will be drawn between the influent object and the plug-flow tank.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'>In a similar manner, connect the effluent point from the plug-flow tank (top right hand corner of the icon) to the secondary clarifier.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'>Connect the underflow from the secondary clarifier (bottom of the secondary clarifier icon) to the return flow point of the aeration tank (lower left hand corner of the plug-flow tank icon).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'>Finally, connect the effluent overflow in the secondary clarifier (top right hand corner of the icon) to the Wastewater Outfall connection point.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'>In this example, excess sludge will be wasted from the bottom of the secondary clarifier (lower right hand corner of the clarifier icon). As this model does not consider any downstream processing of the excess sludge, it is not necessary to specify a flow connection from this point (see <b>Figure 1‑7</b>)<a name="pgfId-6541" id= "pgfId-6541"></a>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="443" height="269" id="Picture 357" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image021.png" alt="image" name="Picture 357" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref478552290">Figure</a> 1‑7 – Specifying Connectivity</p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="491" valign="top" style= 'width:13.0cm;border:solid #70AD47 1.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style= 'margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:125%'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">NOTE:</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">GPS-X does not allow invalid flow connections. For example, flows which initiate at the influent of an object and terminate at the influent of a second object are not allowed. GPS-X will disallow an incorrect connection by displaying an invalid sign.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">If you experience some difficulty in specifying flow connections, you can delete the flow lines by right-clicking on the flow line and selecting <b>Delete Connection</b></span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:21.05pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" valign="top" style= 'width:1.0cm;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"><img width="24" height="11" id="Picture 180" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image022.png" alt= "A close up of a device Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 180" /></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:16.2pt;text-indent:-16.2pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Rearrange the Connections</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. The path that a flow line takes from the initiation to termination point can be moved by placing the cursor over the flow line until the mouse icon changes from the default ‘Windows’ arrow to a double ended arrow icon and the connection turns red. Selecting a horizontal segment of the connection will allow you to adjust its path up and down while selecting a vertical segment will allow you to move the flow left and right.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">If you would like</span> <span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">to specify a corner point on a flow line, right-click the flow line at the point of interest and select <b>Create Breakpoint</b> from the menu. This will separate the line into two independently moving segments. The break point will stay in place while you modify the other segments.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Try adjusting the flow paths until you are happy with the design of the drawing board. If you would like to revert a connection line back to the GPS-X default path, right-click the connection and select <b>Reset to Auto-Draw</b> from the menu.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Show or re-name the labels.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> There are two types of labels. The unit processes themselves have optional labels and the streams (ie. the flow lines) each have labels. The stream labels are initialized to incremental numbers when a unit process is dropped onto the drawing board.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:35.2pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="center" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align: center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="18" height="21" id= "Picture 182" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image023.png" alt="image" name="Picture 182" /></span></p> </td> <td width="539" valign="top" style= 'width:403.95pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">In the completed layout shown in</span> <b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Figure 1‑7</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">there are numbers associated with each of the flow streams. To show/hide these labels on the drawing board, press on the <b>Labels</b> button on the main toolbar to open a dropdown menu where you can specify if you would like to display the Stream and Object labels. </span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="134" height="86" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image024.png" alt= "image" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 1‑8 – Labels Submenu</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Note that the processes that you currently have on the board do not yet have labels, so showing/hiding the <b>Objects label</b> will have no effect at this time.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">To change the labels, right-click on an object icon and the process data menu will be displayed. Select the <b>Labels…</b> item from this menu as shown in</span> <b>Figure 1‑9</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="213" height= "266" id="Picture 323" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image025.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 323" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9589397">Figure</a> 1‑9 - Process Menu showing Labels item</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">New label names can be entered to the form that is displayed in</span> <b>Figure 1‑10</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Save these changes by choosing <b>Accept</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">If there is a conflict between your label assignments and existing labels, a <b>Labels Error</b> message will be displayed. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Since GPS-X uses label names to construct variable names in the model, it is important to type label names exactly as shown below in<b>,</b></span> <b>Figure 1‑10</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">,</span> <b>Figure 1‑11</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">,</span> <b>Figure 1‑12</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">, and<b> </b></span> <b>Figure 1‑13</b><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">for the purposes of this tutorial.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="233" height="233" id="Picture 325" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image026.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 325" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref16846564"></a><a name= "_Ref9589420"></a><a name="_Ref16846598">Figure</a> 1‑10 - Influent Labels</p> <p class="MsoCaption"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="317" height= "221" id="Picture 326" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image027.png" alt="image" name="Picture 326" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9589423">Figure</a> 1‑11 - Plug Flow Tank Labels</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="315" height= "239" id="Picture 327" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image028.png" alt="image" name="Picture 327" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9589424">Figure</a> 1‑12 - Clarifier Labels</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="224" height= "233" id="Picture 328" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image029.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 328" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9589427">Figure</a> 1‑13 - Wastewater Outfall Labels</p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:83.6pt'> <td width="454" valign="top" style= 'width:12.0cm;border:solid #70AD47 1.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:83.6pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:0cm;text-align:justify'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">NOTE: Variable names in GPS-X models use the connection labels to identify a particular stream (e.g.</span> <em><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">qwwinf</span></em> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">for the influent flowrate, and</span> <em><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">qfe1</span></em> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">for effluent flowrate in this case). These variable names are displayed on some of the forms you will see as you progress through the tutorial chapters.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:-.25pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="47" valign="top" style= 'width:35.45pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="19" height="24" id= "Picture 187" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image030.png" alt= "A close up of a logo Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 187" /></span></p> </td> <td width="576" valign="top" style= 'width:432.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><em><b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'line-height:115%; font-style:normal' xml:lang="EN-US">The plant layout is now ready!</span></b></em><em><span lang="EN-US" style= 'line-height:115%;font-family:"Times",serif' xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></em> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">If you experienced some difficulty in selecting or placing the objects in this layout, you can delete objects from the drawing table by selecting the object (a light blue box will appear around the object) and then pressing <em><b><span style= 'font-style:normal'>Delete</span></b></em> on your keyboard. Alternatively, you can always discard the current drawing board and click on the <em><b><span style= 'font-style:normal'>New</span></b></em> button to start over again.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color:black'> </span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306066">Selecting Object Models</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">In the previous section, we selected the basic objects to be modeled in our plant. These objects are the major unit processes and control points only. No mathematical models were assigned to the various objects in the layout.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><a name="pgfId-252" id="pgfId-252"></a><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Each object in the layout has a number of <i>attributes</i> or <i>properties</i>, and each attribute has a certain value. One of the most important attributes for GPS-X objects is the set of equations (or model) that defines the dynamic behavior of that object. Remember to distinguish between an object type and the model for that object as some objects have more than one possible model. Each object is given a default model when it is dropped on the drawing board, but these model choices should be verified and changed if required before proceeding.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">13.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Verify the influent model.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> Right-click on the influent icon. The process data menu appears as shown in</span> <b>Figure 1‑14</b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Verify that the <b><i>codstates</i></b> item is selected under the <b>Models</b> menu.<a name="pgfId-4976" id="pgfId-4976"></a></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="341" height="241" id="Picture 329" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image031.png" alt= "A screenshot of a social media post Description automatically generated" name="Picture 329" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9589525">Figure</a> 1‑14 - Selecting Models</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Verify the plug flow tank model</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by repeating this procedure on the plug flow tank object. In this case, the only model available should be <b><i>mantis2</i></b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">15.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b>Verify the secondary clarifier object model</b> by making sure that the <em><b>simple1d</b></em> (non-reactive 1-dimensional clarification model) item<a href="start.htm#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title= ""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class= "MsoFootnoteReference"><span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>[1]</span></span></span></a> is selected.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">16.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b>Verify the wastewater outfall object model</b> by making sure that the <b>default</b> model is selected. This is the only model available for the wastewater outfall.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> 17.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Save the layout.</b> Go to the <em><b><span style= 'font-style:normal'>File</span></b></em>menu, and select the <em><b><span style='font-style:normal'>Save As…</span></b></em> menu item. Use the file browser to save the layout to an appropriate directory and with an appropriate name (eg. tutorial-1).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You may have noticed that a process unit object's process menu contains a number of items for specifying other attributes of an object, such as the <b>Input Parameters, Initial Conditions,</b> and <b>Output Variables</b> dropdown menus which are available when right-clicking on a process unit on the drawing board.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">In this tutorial, we will use the <i>default</i> properties for the objects you have selected with four exceptions:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:172.05pt;text-indent:-9.65pt;line-height:normal'> <a name="_Hlk20909277"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol; color:black'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='color:black'>The Influent Total COD Concentration</span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:172.05pt;text-indent:-9.65pt;line-height:normal'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='color:black'>The Influent Total TKN Concentration</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:172.05pt;text-indent:-9.65pt;line-height:normal'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style='color:black'>The Excess Sludge Wastage Rate</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">18.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the influent composition</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by right clicking on the influent object, move to the <b>Composition</b> sub-menu and select <b>Influent Characterization</b>. A data entry form called <b>Influent Advisor</b> will be displayed.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="394" height= "238" id="Picture 360" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image032.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 360" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 1‑15 - Accessing Influent Characterization</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Change the <b>total COD</b>entry from 430 to 380 gCOD/m<sup>3</sup>, and the <b>total TKN</b> entry from 40 to 35 gN/m<sup>3</sup> as shown in</span> <b>Figure 1‑16</b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Note that the values are now highlighted in blue, to indicate that they have been changed from the GPS-X defaults. For more information about the <b>Influent Advisor</b> see</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 5</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">and <b>Chapter 3</b> in the GPS-X <b>User’s Guide</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="404" height="159" id="Picture 332" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image033.png" alt="image" name="Picture 332" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9589560">Figure</a> 1‑16 - Change Influent Characteristics</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">After making the changes, press the <b>Accept</b> button.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:18.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">19.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the <b>secondary clarifier wastage rate</b> by right-clicking on the clarifier object, move to the <b>Input</b> <b>Parameters</b>sub-menu and select <b>Operational</b>. A data entry form will appear be displayed.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:18.0pt;text-align:center; page-break-after:avoid'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="373" height="257" id="Picture 333" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image034.png" alt= "A screenshot of a social media post Description automatically generated" name="Picture 333" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 1‑17 - Accessing Operational Parameters</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:18.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the <b>pumped flow</b> entry from 40 m <i><sup>3</sup></i> /d to 60 m<i><sup>3</sup></i>/d.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="center" style= 'margin-top:18.0pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;text-indent:0cm; page-break-after:avoid'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="477" height="359" id="Picture 335" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image035.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 335" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 1‑18 - Change Clarifier Pumped Flow</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:18.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:71.7pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> Once you have changed this flow, press the <b>Accept</b> button.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:21.3pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="28" style='width:21.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-top:18.0pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:right;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="17" height="28" id= "Picture 190" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image036.png" alt= "A picture containing wheel Description automatically generated" name="Picture 190" /></span></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:30.05pt;text-indent:-21.3pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">20.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Once you’ve completed the layout, you’ll usually want to edit some of the plant wide properties.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You can access these properties by pressing the <b>Site Properties</b> button on in the upper left corner of the drawing board. A window will be displayed in which you can specify additional details for the plant and make notes about the model. To modify plant wide properties, selecting the <b><i>Plant Wide Properties</i></b> tab. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:30.05pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Alternatively, you can access these by going to <b>Layout > Plant Wide Properties</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:30.05pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">For this example, specify the <b>liquid temperature</b> to 22°C.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:0cm;text-align:center; page-break-after:avoid'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:0cm;text-align:center; page-break-after:avoid'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="571" height="171" id="Picture 336" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image037.png" alt= "A screenshot of a social media post Description automatically generated" name="Picture 336" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 1‑19 - Plant Wide Properties Window</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:71.75pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Press <b>Accept</b> to save the changes.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">21.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">To see all the variables in an object that have been modified from the GPS-X default settings, right-clicking on the object and select the <b>Summary of Changes from the Default</b> option. Verify the changes made to the influent object.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:0cm;text-align:center; page-break-after:avoid'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="241" height="277" id="Picture 354" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image038.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 354" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 1‑20 - Accessing Summary of Change</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'>The new form will reflect any changes made specifically to the influent object. Currently it shows the changes made to <b>total COD concentration</b> and <b>total TKN concentration</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="388" height= "218" id="Picture 356" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image039.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 356" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 1‑21 - Summary of Changes made to the Influent Object</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">By using the drop-down <b>View</b> menu, you can select other objects on the drawing board to see a summary of the changes made to that object. Selecting the System option will display any changes to the models operating conditions, as well as the plant wide properties. Currently this menu shows the changes made to the liquid temperature.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:35.2pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="28" style= 'width:21.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="right" style= 'margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:right; text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="16" height="16" id= "Picture 525" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image040.png" alt="image" name="Picture 525" /></span></p> </td> <td width="548" valign="top" style= 'width:411.05pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:8.7pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The <b>Go to location</b> button can be used to be taken directly to that variable’s entry field to make any desired changes. For both variables on the influent object window, this will take you to the influent advisor window.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">22.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">Save</span></b> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the layout again</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by clicking the <b>Save</b> button on the toolbar.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306067"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Building a Model</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Now that you have built a plant layout, the next step is to translate the ‘definition’ of the plant layout and the model parameters, into a model that can run a simulation. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">23.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch from <b>Modelling Mode</b> into <b>Simulation Mode</b> by pressing the <b>Simulation</b> button (</span><b>Figure 1‑22</b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">) in the upper-right corner of the main window.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="270" height="43" id="Picture 437" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image041.png" alt="image" name="Picture 437" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref20919475">Figure</a> 1‑22 – Modelling/Simulation Mode Buttons</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">This starts the process of compilation and linking, resulting in the creation of an executable model. The time required to complete this process depends on the speed of your workstation, and the complexity of the model. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="479" height="261" id="Picture 438" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image042.png" alt="image" name="Picture 438" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 1‑23 – Building Model Dialog</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Upon completion of the build step, the <b>Building Model</b> window will automatically disappear, and you will be left in the Simulation Environment.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306068"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Simulation Environment</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Once the model has been compiled, GPS-X will present a simulation environment, as shown in</span> <b>Figure 1‑24</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The layout is shown in the lower left-hand corner, the blank area in the upper left-hand corner is for input controllers, and the output area is on the right-hand side.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="502" height="307" id="Picture 441" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image043.png" alt="image" name="Picture 441" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref10710387">Figure</a> 1‑24 – Simulation Environment</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Notice that a standard unit process output tab for each unit in the layout (Influent, Aeration Tank, Final Clarifier, and Effluent) is automatically generated in the output section (</span><b>Figure 1‑25</b>)<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. These are <b>Quick Display</b> summary tables, which will display output results after simulations are carried out.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="372" height="378" id="Picture 457" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image044.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 457" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref10712784">Figure</a> 1‑25 - Quick Display Panels</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You can quickly bring a desired <b>Quick Display</b> panel to the front by double-clicking on the unit process on the drawing board as an alternative to clicking on each individual process tab in the panel.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">There are three subdivisions in the <b>Quick Display</b> panel:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">1)<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Simulation Parameters</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. This sub-heading is used to display important information about the object’s operational parameters specified in Modelling Mode.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">2)<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Simulation Results</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. This sub-heading provides a summary of the simulation results, highlighting some key characteristics of the influents, effluents and internal conditions</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">3)<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Mass Flows</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. This sub-heading provides a summary of the mass of TSS, COD, TN and TP that can be found in each stream entering and exiting an object.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><a name= "_Hlk20920389"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The <b>Quick Display</b> is not able to have both the Simulation Parameters and the Simulation Results sub-sections open at the same time. To open or close a subsection, click on the sub-section’s header. If you open one of these subsections the other will automatically be closed. for example, opening the Simulation Parameters subsection will close the Simulation Results subsection.</span></a></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306069"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Running a Simulation</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Your model is now ready to run a simulation. The controls that you will need to run a simulation are located on the <b>Simulation Toolbar</b> found at the bottom of the screen.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="523" height= "23" id="Picture 446" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image045.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 446" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 1‑26 - Simulation Toolbar</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:21.05pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:25.15pt'> <td width="38" valign="top" style= 'width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.15pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"><img width="23" height="23" id="Picture 526" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image046.png" alt="image" name="Picture 526" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.15pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:16.2pt;text-align:justify'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">24.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Start the Simulation</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by pressing the <b>Start</b> button on the <b>Simulation Toolbar</b>.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">Pressing the start button will run a steady state simulation. Once the simulation is complete the</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">tables in the output area will be populated with values.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:0cm;text-align:center; page-break-after:avoid'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="423" height="429" id="Picture 460" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image047.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 460" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 1‑27 – Clarifier Quick Display Simulation Results</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">25.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch between the various Quick Display windows to view the simulation results for each unit process in the layout.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:71.7pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">26.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the Layout</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press the <b>Save</b> button on the main toolbar.</span></p> <h1><a name="_Ref536804176"></a><a name="_Toc21088863"></a><a name= "_Toc21089404"></a><a name="pgfId-1406" id= "pgfId-1406"></a><a name="pgfId-6655" id="pgfId-6655"></a><a name= "_Toc21088864"></a><a name="_Toc21089405"></a><a name= "_Toc21088865"></a><a name="_Toc21089406"></a><a name= "_Toc21088866"></a><a name="_Toc21089407"></a><a name= "_Toc21088867"></a><a name="_Toc21089408"></a><a name= "_Toc21088868"></a><a name="_Toc21089409"></a><a name= "_Toc21088869"></a><a name="_Toc21089410"></a><a name= "_Toc21088870"></a><a name="_Toc21089411"></a><a name= "_Toc21088871"></a><a name="_Toc21089412"></a><a name= "_Toc22306070"></a><span style='font-weight: normal'>Tutorial 2<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> </h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2 style='page-break-after:auto'><a name= "_Toc22306071"></a><a name= "_Running_Interactive_Simulations"></a>Running Dynamic Simulations</h2> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:36.0pt'> While steady state simulations provide the foundation of a model, the value comes from the ability to run dynamic simulations. </p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306072">Objectives</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:36.0pt'> This tutorial covers the following topics:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:108.0pt'> 1. Setting up graphics and interactive controllers</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:108.0pt'> 2. Running interactive simulations</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:108.0pt'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>When you have finished this tutorial, you will be able to run full-scale dynamic treatment process models. You will learn the procedures for creating time series graphics and interactive controls. These essentials provide a foundation on which other advanced features are built; therefore, it is important to understand the material in this tutorial first before going on to more complicated tasks.</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306073"></a><a name="_Ref478655950">Creating Input Controls</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">GPS-X is an <i>interactive</i> simulation program, or <i>simulator</i>, which can run both pre-defined simulations and interactive sessions. We will now set up an interactive session that allows us to investigate the effects of changes in the influent flow rate on the plant effluent quality.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Our first task is to create a new <b>Input Control</b>. An input control is an interactive tool<i>,</i> which can be used to change the value of model variables during the course of a simulation run. You can create as many input controls as desired. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Here, we will create a single control for the plant influent flow so that this variable can be changed during a simulation.<a name="NewInputWindow" id= "NewInputWindow"></a><a name="Steps18to20" id= "Steps18to20"></a></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the layout built in</span></b> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 1</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">and save it as</span> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">`<i>tutorial-2</i>’</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">using <b><i>File > Save As...</i></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Access the parameter</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by right-clicking on the influent object and select the <b>Flow Data</b> item from the <b>Flow</b> sub-menu as shown below.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="453" height="309" id="Picture 359" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image048.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 359" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 2‑1 - Accessing Flow Parameter</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">From the <b>Flow Data</b> entry form, drag the <b>influent flow</b> variable to the blank input control area above the layout, as shown below.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="624" height="261" id="Canvas 382" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image049.png" alt="image" name="Canvas 382" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Toc478379551"></a><a name= "_Ref477159541">Figure</a> 2‑2 – Dragging Variable to Control Tab</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Note that a new tab (labeled “Input: 1”) has been created for the input control. Multiple controls can be placed on a single tab, or on as many tabs as required.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:13.95pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="23" height="23" id="Picture 527" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image050.png" alt="image" name="Picture 527" /></span></b></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:22.95pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Edit the input control properties</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by clicking on the <b>Input Control Properties…</b> button on the Controls toolbar. An entry form window will be displayed.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">You can use this form to set minimum (Min), maximum (Max), and control increment (Delta) values (if applicable) for a particular variable. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Select 0 for <b>Min</b> and 12000 for <b>Max</b>. It is not necessary to enter a value in the <b>Delta</b> column, as we will use a slider-type control, which does not require a value for this attribute. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="461" height="124" id="Picture 211" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image051.png" alt="image" name="Picture 211" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 2‑3 – Control Properties Window</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Note that you have the choice of a variety of controller types (under the Type heading). Make sure that <b>Slider</b>is selected for the influent flow item. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Remember to save your changes by pressing the <b>Accept</b> button.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Rename the control tab</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by double-clicking on the tab name “Input: 1”. Type “Flow Control” and press<b>Enter</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="536" height="68" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image052.png" alt= "image" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref478565313">Figure</a> 2‑4 – Finalized Input Control</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:53.85pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">An input control for the plant influent flow has now been created. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:53.85pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The tab shown in</span> <b>Figure 2‑4</b> <span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">contains a slider that allows you to change the influent flow from 0 to 12000 m<sup>3</sup>/d. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:53.85pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">You can test the slider control by dragging the small slider knob. Note that the influent flow value will change to the value displayed on the control. </span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:21.05pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:right; text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="20" height="23" id= "Picture 528" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image053.png" alt="image" name="Picture 528" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Before proceeding, use the <b>Reset</b> button at the far right of the slider to move the slider back to the default position of 2000 m <sup>3</sup>/d (alternatively, you may enter the value into the control box with the keyboard).</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <h3><a name="_Toc22306074">Creating Output Graphs</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><a name= "_Creating_Output_Graphs"></a><a name="Step21Tut1" id= "Step21Tut1"></a><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">In addition to the summaries available on the <b>Quick Display</b> panels, you can create new custom-designed output graphs for numerous variables located in the <b>Output Variables</b> menu of each object that can be seen when right-clicking on an object. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">These variables cover a wider range of model outputs and can be used to supplement the standard output in the <b>Quick Displays</b>.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:13.95pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="23" height="20" id="Picture 529" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image054.png" alt="image" name="Picture 529" /></span></b></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:22.95pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a new, blank output tab</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by clicking on the <b>New Graph Tab</b> button on the Outputs toolbar. A new, blank output tab will be created.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">Create a graph of the influent flow</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">by right-clicking on the influent object and select Output Variables > Flow as shown below.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="389" height="274" id="Picture 372" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image055.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 372" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 2‑5 - Accessing Output Variable Windows</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:67.65pt;text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">From the <b>Flow window</b>, drag the influent flow variable to a blank area on the new tab that you created, as shown below. This will create an X-Y Graph with that variable on the y-axis. Select <b>Accept</b> or <b>Cancel</b> to close the <b>Flow</b> window.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="580" height="426" id="Canvas 20" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image056.png" alt="image" name="Canvas 20" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 2‑6 – Dragging Variable to Create a Graph<a name="NewOutputGraphs" id="NewOutputGraphs"></a><a name= "Fig122" id="Fig122"></a></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:67.65pt;text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Next, right click on the wastewater outfall unit and select <i>Output Variables > Concentrations</i> from the pop-up menu.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="475" height="255" id="Picture 297" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image057.jpg" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 297" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 2‑7 - Accessing the Concentrations Menu from the Wastewater Outfall</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:67.65pt;text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Alternatively, if a Wastewater Outfall object were not used, this menu could be accessed by right clicking on the clarifier’s effluent overflow stream. When you place your cursor over the effluent overflow stream, the cursor will change from the default Microsoft cursor to the connecting arrow, that is seen in</span> <b>Figure 2‑8</b><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Right click and select <i>Output Variables > Concentrations</i> from the pop-up menu. Note: Ensure the connection arrow is present because clicking on the center of the object will open a different menu than the connection point</span> <a href="start.htm#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><sup><sup><span style= 'font-size:11.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> [2]</span></sup></sup></a><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="132" height= "114" id="Picture 315" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image058.png" alt="image" name="Picture 315" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref10621554"></a><a name= "_Ref10621560">Figure</a> 2‑8 - Connection Point Cursor Change</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:67.65pt;text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">10.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Drag the <b>total suspended solids</b> variable to the same graph as the influent flow. This will add another y-axis to the graph for this variable.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:70.65pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="491" valign="top" style= 'width:13.0cm;border:solid #70AD47 1.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">NOTE: There is a difference between data entry forms and output variable forms even though both have a similar appearance and may contain the same variable name entries. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Data entry forms contain a field on the right-hand side for entering data. In output variable forms this field displays model results and cannot be edited. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Variables dragged from a data entry form can be placed on input control tabs whereas variables dragged from an output variable form can be placed on graphs in the output field.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:13.95pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:right; text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="23" height="23" id= "Picture 530" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image059.png" alt="image" name="Picture 530" /></span></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:22.95pt;text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Resize and arrange the graph by clicking on the <b>Auto Arrange</b> button on the Outputs toolbar. Your simulation environment should appear as shown below.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:67.65pt;text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="521" height="318" id="Picture 378" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image060.png" alt="image" name="Picture 378" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 2‑9 - Simulation Environment with Output Graph</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:13.95pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="23" height="23" id="Picture 531" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image050.png" alt="image" name="Picture 531" /></span></b></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:22.95pt;text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Access the output graph properties window</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by right-clicking on the output graph and selecting the <b>Output Graph Properties…</b> item from popup menu. Alternatively, you can press the settings button on the Output toolbar.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="429" height="320" id="Picture 250" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image061.png" alt="image" name="Picture 250" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 2‑10 – Accessing Output Graph Properties</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The <b>Output Graph Properties</b>window is used to specify plotting attributes including the min and max y-axis values, the color of the variable’s line and <a name="_Hlk20928394">the units that the data will be displayed in. </a></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The <b>Autoscale</b> feature can be used to allow the y-axis to automatically set an appropriate max value depending on the data being displayed (it will adjust during the simulation). By selecting this you will not have the option to adjust the values under the Variable Properties section of the Output Graph Properties window.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'>The <em><b><span style= 'font-style:normal'>Output Graph Type</span></b></em> item is also available here. By default, the graph type is <em><b>X-Y</b></em> (time series) but this can be changed to several different options. For this tutorial, we will be leaving it as X-Y.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">13.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Enter a minimum and maximum value for each variable</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. Use 0 and 10,000 m3/d for <b>flow</b>, and 0 and 150 mg/L for <b>total suspended solids</b>.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:28.1pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="47" style='width:35.45pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="17" height="17" id= "Picture 532" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image062.png" alt="image" name="Picture 532" /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="21" height="17" id= "Picture 533" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image063.png" alt="image" name="Picture 533" /></span></p> </td> <td width="539" valign="top" style= 'width:403.95pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">NOTE: You must ‘unlock’ the max fields to be able to edit them individually otherwise the change in one field will be copied to the others. This is because quite often people will plot variables of similar characteristics on a graph and they’ll want the y-axis to have the same scale.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'><img width="405" height="225" id= "Canvas 48" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image064.png" alt="image" name="Canvas 48" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 2‑11 – Output Properties showing Unlocked Max Field</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Keeping the max fields unlocked, <b>Accept</b> the changes when you are finished.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Rename the output graph</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. This can be done in the properties window described above, but several of the properties can also be accessed from the popup menu by right-clicking on the graph. Do this and select <b>Rename Output Graph…. </b> Enter an appropriate title for the output graph and click <b>OK</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:18.0pt;text-align:center'><img width="196" height="87" id="Picture 113" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image065.png" alt="image" name="Picture 113" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 2‑12 – Rename Output Graph</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306075">Running a Dynamic Simulation</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You are now ready to run the model. All of the controls that you will need to run a dynamic simulation are located on the<a name="pgfId-5430" id="pgfId-5430"></a> <b>Simulation Toolbar</b> at the bottom of the screen.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:center'><img width="576" height="25" id="Picture 212" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image066.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 212" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Toc478379510">Figure</a> 2‑13 – Simulation Toolbar</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">15.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Specify a simulation duration time</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">of 20 days by either entering the value directly into the <b>Stop Time</b> field or by repeatedly clicking on the up arrow adjacent to field to increment the value by 1 day for each click.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:-21.3pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="76" style='width:56.75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:right; text-indent:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="28" height="28" id= "Picture 210" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image067.png" alt="image" name="Picture 210" /></span></b></p> </td> <td width="577" valign="top" style= 'width:432.55pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:29.75pt;text-indent:-21.25pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">16.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Start the simulation</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by clicking on the <b>Start</b> button.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">While the simulation is running y</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">ou can now change the flow with the input control slider bar and assess the effect of changes in influent flow on the effluent suspended solids of the plant. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">If the flow is high enough (say 7,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d) you will see a significant increase in the effluent suspended solids due to clarifier overload.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">An example run is depicted in</span> <b>Figure 2‑14</b>, where the flow was increased with the input control slider bar during the simulation run<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Note that your output graph will look different than the one presented below depending on how you adjust the slider control during the simulation run.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="279" height="257" id="Picture 106" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image068.png" alt="image" name="Picture 106" /> </p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref478636138">Figure</a> 2‑14 – Example Run with Flow Increase</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">17.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run the simulation again, but this time, adjust the influent flow</span></b> <span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by dragging the influent flow slider away from 2,000 m3/d.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">If the simulation proceeds too quickly, you can artificially slow down the simulation by inserting a delay. Add a delay by putting 0.5 (or any other number, the magnitude of the number dictates the degree of delay) into the <b>Delay</b> entry field using the <b>Stop Time/Communication/Delay</b> drop-down menu on the <a name="pgfId-7365" id= "pgfId-7365"></a><b>Simulation Toolbar<a name="pgfId-7366" id= "pgfId-7366"></a>.</b></span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="623" valign="top" style= 'width:467.5pt;border:solid #70AD47 1.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:0cm'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">NOTE:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> If the simulation time exceeds the stop time (Stop) the model will halt. At that time, you have two choices:</span></p> <ul style='margin-top:0cm' type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Restart the simulation by clicking on the <b>Start</b> button in the <b>Simulation Control</b> window; or</span></li> </ul> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:10.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Increase the length of the simulation by increasing the value of <b>Stop</b> and clicking <b>Resume</b> to continue the simulation.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></b></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306076"></a><a name="_Ref21684597"></a><a name= "_Ref21684592"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Analyzing the Plant</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">We will now take a more detailed look at our plant's performance by investigating the effect of increased flow on the secondary clarifier. We will first set-up an output graph displaying the solids profile inside the final clarifier. We will then simulate steady-state conditions with the design flow of 2,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d and investigate the change in the solids profile inside the final clarifier by running the model at a higher flow rate (i.e. simulating a storm condition).<a name="pgfId-6098" id="pgfId-6098"></a></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">To investigate the effect of increased flow on final effluent quality, you will first set up a graph to view the output of the solids profile inside the final clarifier.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">18.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Access the Concentrations</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">of the clarifier by right-clicking on the object and selecting from the <b><i>Output Variables > Concentrations</i></b>. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="427" height="236" id="Picture 383" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image069.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 383" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9590226">Figure</a> 2‑15 - Accessing Concentrations</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">19.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Drag the <b>total suspended solids in layers</b> (see</span> <b>Figure 2‑16</b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">) <a name="_Hlk21005779">item to the blank area to the right of the existing output tabs.</a><a name= "pgfId-4654" id="pgfId-4654"></a> By dropping it there, a new tab is automatically created, and the desired graph is created on the new tab.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="315" height="308" id="Picture 416" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image070.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 416" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref10719739">Figure</a> 2‑16 - Dragging Variable to New Table</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Since this variable is actually an array of values (denoted by the fact that it has an ellipsis (…) button next to it which can be used to access the individual values) then the graph that is created is by default a Bar Chart with the array elements along the x-axis.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">20.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the graph type</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. In this case, instead of the default vertical bar chart, we’d like to view the clarifier profile as a horizontal bar chart. This gives you a better intuitive feel of the different layers within the clarifier. The bar representing the bottom of the clarifier (index 10) will be at the bottom of the graph. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">If you right-click on the output graph and select the <b>Output Graph Type</b>item, you will notice that the <b>Bar Chart</b> type has already been selected. Select the <b>Bar Chart</b> (<b>Horizontal)</b> type for this graph. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">21.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the axis max</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Go into the graph properties and change the max value to 5000 mg/L.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">22.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Rename the graph</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Right-click on the graph and select the <b>Rename Output Graph…</b> item from the drop-down menu and enter an appropriate title.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:67.65pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Note that you can also change the name of any <b>tab</b> by double-clicking on the tab name and entering a new one.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">23.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Resize the graph</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press the <b>Auto Arrange</b> button or drag the edge of the graph window to your desired size.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">24.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select the Steady-State option</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">and<b>Start</b> the simulation <b>setting Stop to 10 days</b>. Make sure that the influent flow is set to 2,000 m3/d on the input control. Below is a figure that shows a bar chart profiling the solids distribution inside the final clarifier.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="347" height="310" id="Picture 107" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image071.png" alt="image" name="Picture 107" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 2‑17 – Clarifier Profile Graph</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:6.85pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="47" style='width:35.45pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="23" height="23" id="Picture 534" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image072.png" alt="image" name="Picture 534" /></span></b></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:23.1pt;text-indent:-21.25pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">25.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Increase the influent flowrate</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">to a higher value (i.e. 5,000 m3/d) with the controller. Adjust <b>Stop Time</b>to 20 days and <b>Resume</b> the simulation. </span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:67.65pt;text-indent:0cm'><span style='color:black'>The bar chart profiling the solids distribution inside the final clarifier will change to reflect the build-up of solids due to higher flows. </span> You can adjust the max axis value to see the entire graph, if you’d like. The values will become greater than the existing scale.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.65pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">26.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press the <b>Save</b> button on the main toolbar.</span></p> <span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:107%'> <b><i><span style= 'font-size:16.0pt; line-height:107%;font-variant:small-caps'> </span></i></b></p> <h1><a name="_Ref516447"></a><a name="_Toc22306077"></a><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 3<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2><a name="_Toc22306078">Editing</a> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Layouts and Using Scenarios</span></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306079">Problem Statement</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">For this tutorial, consider a situation where the plant you developed in the first tutorial is expected to treat increased flow due, for example, to extra sewer connections. Assume that the plant has adequate aeration capacity but requires an extra clarifier.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306080">Objectives</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">GPS-X makes it easy to build models to help you examine changes in plant design and operation. This tutorial will show you how to use the layout editing tools such as <b>Copy</b>and <b>Paste</b> to make additions to the layout. Once the new model is built, the <i>scenario</i> features of GPS-X will be introduced. Using scenarios, you can set up specialized data sets for comparing the performance of the clarifiers in the event of uneven flow distribution under both steady state and dynamic conditions. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">When you are finished with this tutorial, you will have developed the ability to create and edit plant layouts and will have developed a better understanding of static</span><a href= "start.htm#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class= "MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size: 11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang="EN-US">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> <span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">data input and output in GPS-X. You will be able to prepare simulation scenarios to test different hypothetical situations and be able to run the scenarios to test alternative plant designs or examine operational changes. </span><br clear="all" style= 'page-break-before:always' /></p> <h3 style='margin-top:18.0pt'><a name="_Toc22306081">Expanding the Plant</a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Recreate the layout</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">used in</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 1</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">or open the layout that you previously created.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">under a different name (</span>eg. tutorial-3<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Modelling Mode</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">(if not already there) using the button on the top right-hand side of the screen.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Display the grid</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">on the drawing board. Select <b><i>View > Display Grid</i></b> from the main menu.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="189" height="225" id="Picture 417" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image073.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 417" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 3‑1 - Selecting Display Grid</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Display a larger drawing area</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. In order to expand on the layout, more space is required on the drawing board. Open the <b>Locator</b> window under <b><i>View > Zoom > Locator</i></b> and outline a larger working area. Alternatively, the mouse wheel can be used to scroll out and the desired work area can be highlighted and then zoomed in on by using the <b>Zoom to selection/plant</b> button. This will allow you to place more objects on the drawing board. More details regarding use of the Locator are presented in </span><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 1</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Move the influent and plug-flow tank objects</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">by clicking and dragging out a box around the influent and plug-flow objects. Then, with the mouse button pressed on one of the selected objects, drag the selected area to its new location on the drawing board (see</span> <b>Figure 3‑2</b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Move the wastewater outfall object</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by clicking and dragging the object to the right.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="462" height="343" id="Canvas 117" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image074.png" alt="image" name="Canvas 117" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref513946"></a><a name= "_Ref478647275"></a><a name="_Ref513968">Figure</a> 3‑2 – Moving Multiple Unit Processes</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Copy the final clarifier.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">First, select the existing secondary clarifier located on the drawing board. The clarifier grid cell will show a light blue background. </span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:21.05pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style= 'width:1.0cm;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:right; text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="22" height="24" id= "Picture 535" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image075.png" alt="image" name="Picture 535" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:16.1pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Click on the <b>Copy</b> button and then select a destination cell by dragging out a small box inside the destination cell. The destination cell will show a light blue background. </span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38" style= 'width:1.0cm;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:right; text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="20" height="24" id= "Picture 536" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image076.png" alt="image" name="Picture 536" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:16.1pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Next, click on the <b>Paste</b> button. This will paste a copy of the clarifier and all its attributes to the new location. </span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">Your layout should now look like</span> <b>Figure 3‑3</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="444" height="184" id="Picture 420" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image077.png" alt="image" name="Picture 420" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9589371">Figure</a> 3‑3 - Copy/Pasted Clarifier</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>We will now complete the layout by adding the following<b>:</b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:96.65pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">A two-way splitter to divide the mixed liquor from the aeration tank to the two clarifiers</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:96.65pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">A two-way combiner to join the recycled sludge from the two clarifiers with the raw sewage as feed to the aeration tank.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 24.0pt;margin-left:96.65pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">A two-way combiner to mix the effluent overflow from the two final clarifier tanks</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'>9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Delete unneeded connections.</b> You can delete a connection by right clicking on the connection and selecting <b>Delete</b> Connection.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'>Alternatively, you can delete the flow lines by placing the cursor at the initiation or terminal point of a flow line and dragging the flow line to an empty space on the drawing board. As soon as the mouse button is released you will be prompted to confirm the deletion of the flow line.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'>Delete the connection from the plug flow reactor to the final tank, the connection between the clarifier underflow and the plug flow reactor and finally the connection between the clarifier effluent and the wastewater outfall. </p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'>10.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Add processes to the drawing board.</b> From the <i>Flow Combiners and Splitters</i> group in the <em><b><span style= 'font-style:normal'>Process Table</span></b></em> we will need one <b>2-Flow Splitter</b> and two <b>2-Flow Combiners</b>. Position the objects so that your layout now resembles <b>Figure 3‑4</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="501" height= "255" id="Picture 429" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image078.png" alt="image" name="Picture 429" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9590932">Figure</a> 3‑4 - Add Splitter and Combiners</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:13.95pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="23" height="23" id= "Picture 537" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image079.png" alt="image" name="Picture 537" /></span></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:30.2pt;text-indent:-21.3pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Flip the combiner below the Aeration Tank</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. To do this, select the combiner and press the <b>Mirror</b> button on the main toolbar.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">Connect all objects</span></b> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">and label all units and streams.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> The last step of the plant expansion is to connect all the objects and label them appropriately as seen in </span><b>Figure 3‑5</b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">and described in</span> <b>Table 3‑1</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="645" height="334" id="Picture 430" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image080.png" alt= "A close up of a map Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 430" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9590952">Figure</a> 3‑5 - Processes and Streams Labelled Properly</p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="491" valign="top" style= 'width:368.3pt;border:solid #70AD47 1.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style= 'margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:125%'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">NOTE:</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The colors of the flow lines each convey a specific meaning about the properties of the stream.</span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style= 'margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:125%'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Brown lines are used to represent the flows of wastewater. An example of this is your wastewater influent or the sludge leaving a clarifier</span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style= 'margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:125%'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Black lines are used to represent any streams where you are unable to tell what the outputs will be when the object is selected. An example of this is a combiner or splitter objects</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Blue lines are used to represent any flows of treated water. An example of this is the effluent stream leaving a clarifier overflow</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoCaption" style='page-break-after:avoid'><a name= "_Ref21089169">Table</a> 3‑1 - Process and Stream Labels</p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTable15Grid4Accent1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="472" style= 'width:354.15pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="264" valign="top" style= 'width:198.2pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt; border-right:none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style='color:white' xml:lang="EN-US">Unit</span></p> </td> <td width="208" valign="top" style= 'width:155.95pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style='color:white' xml:lang="EN-US">Label</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="264" valign="top" style= 'width:198.2pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">Wastewater Influent</span></b></p> </td> <td width="208" valign="top" style= 'width:155.95pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">Label:</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New";color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">Influent</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">influent:</span> <span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family: "Courier New";color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">wwinf</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="264" valign="top" style= 'width:198.2pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Plug-Flow Tank</span></b></p> </td> <td width="208" valign="top" style= 'width:155.95pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Label:</span> <span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">Aeration Tank</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">overflow:</span> <span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">mlss</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">recycle: ras</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="264" valign="top" style= 'width:198.2pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">2-Flow Splitter</span></b></p> </td> <td width="208" valign="top" style= 'width:155.95pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">Label:</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New";color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">MLSS Splitter</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">output#1:</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New";color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">mlss1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">output#2:</span> <span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family: "Courier New";color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">mlss2</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="264" valign="top" style= 'width:198.2pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Circular Secondary Clarifier 1</span></b></p> </td> <td width="208" valign="top" style= 'width:155.95pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Label:</span> <span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">Final Clarifier 1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">overflow:</span> <span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">fe1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">pump:</span> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">was1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">underflow:</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">ras1</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="264" valign="top" style= 'width:198.2pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">Circular Secondary Clarifier 2</span></b></p> </td> <td width="208" valign="top" style= 'width:155.95pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">Label:</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New";color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">Final Clarifier 2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">overflow:</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New";color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">fe2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">pump:</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New";color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">was2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">underflow:</span> <span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family: "Courier New";color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">ras2</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="264" valign="top" style= 'width:198.2pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">2-Flow Combiner for Recycled Sludge</span></b></p> </td> <td width="208" valign="top" style= 'width:155.95pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Label:</span> <span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">RAS Combiner</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">output:</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">ras</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="264" valign="top" style= 'width:198.2pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">2-Flow Combiner for Final Effluent</span></b></p> </td> <td width="208" valign="top" style= 'width:155.95pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">Label:</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New";color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">FE Combiner</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">output:</span> <span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"; color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">fe</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="264" valign="top" style= 'width:198.2pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Wastewater Outfall</span></b></p> </td> <td width="208" valign="top" style= 'width:155.95pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Label:</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">Effluent</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">13.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add a note to a process.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> Sometimes it is useful to make a note to remind yourself about certain details or reasons for changing something. These notes are just for your own reference and do not affect the simulation in any way. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.75pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Here, we will add a note to the Final Clarifier 2 unit. Right-click on it and choose <b>Note…</b> from the popup menu. A blank window will appear in which description of the unit can be typed. Click <b>Accept</b> to close the Note window.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="514" height="202" id="Canvas 140" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image081.png" alt="image" name="Canvas 140" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 3‑6 – Add Note to a Process</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Press the <b>Save</b> button on the main toolbar.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306082"></a><a name="_Ref479769586"></a><a name= "Sinusoidal" id="Sinusoidal"></a>Using Scenarios</h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">When organizing simulation runs it is useful to start with a <a name="marker-135" id="marker-135"></a>base set of data, and then create one or more separate cases<i>,</i> which are modifications to the base data set. These cases are referred to as <i>scenarios</i> in GPS-X.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You can create any number of scenarios and in each scenario, you can specify the changes to the model parameter(s) which define that scenario. Those changes are saved so that they can be restored at any point in the future.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Creating and using scenarios is done in <b>Simulation Mode</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">In this section of the tutorial, we are going to use scenarios to investigate the effects of changing the following model parameters:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:89.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Influent flow, to simulate the additional sewer connections</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:89.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Influent type, to simulate a dynamic fluctuation of the influent wastewater</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><a name= "Step9Tut2" id="Step9Tut2"></a><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">15.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Simulation Mode using the button at the top-right of the screen</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">16.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a new scenario</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by selecting <b>New</b>from the <b>Scenario</b> menu on the <a name= "SimulationCtrlToolBar" id= "SimulationCtrlToolBar"></a><b>Simulation Toolbar</b> (at the bottom of the main window).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="286" height="270" id="Picture 431" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image082.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 431" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 3‑7 - Create New Scenario</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">17.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Type in a name for your new scenario (eg. “Expansion”) and <b>Accept</b> the form<b><i>.</i></b> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="277" height="345" id="Picture 1" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image083.png" alt="image" name="Picture 1" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 3‑8 – Name the Scenario</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You will notice that the name of the active scenario is displayed under the <b>Start</b> button on the Simulation Toolbar.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="141" height= "64" id="Picture 215" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image084.png" alt="image" name="Picture 215" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 3‑9 - Scenario Name Display</p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:55.25pt'> <td width="526" style= 'width:394.5pt;border:solid #70AD47 1.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:55.25pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">NOTE: You can change the active scenario by selecting it from the <b><i>Scenario > Select Scenario</i></b> list. The “Default Scenario” is the base case where all of the model parameters are set to the values defined when the model was built. If you return to modelling mode and make changes to the Default Scenario Parameters, these changes will be applied to all scenarios where that parameter has not already been specified.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">18.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add some parameter changes to the scenario.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> In this case, we will change the influent flow type and rate.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">While remaining in Simulation Mode, access <b><i>Flow > Flow Data</i></b> from influent objects process data menu (ie. right-click on the object). </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Change the <b>flow type</b> to Sinusoidal and change the <b>influent flow</b> to 5000 m<sup>3</sup>/d. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="419" height="181" id="Picture 439" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image085.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 439" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 3‑10 - Changing Parameters in a Scenario</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You will notice that changes made in a scenario are highlighted in <b><span style= 'color:#00B050'>green</span></b>. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Accept</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the form.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">19.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">If you do not already have an <b>input controller</b> (slider type) for the <b>influent flow</b> create one as described in the</span> <b>Creating Input Controls</b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">section of</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 2</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Set the minimum and maximum values to 0 and 12,000 m3/d respectively.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">20.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> <b>Verify the parameter changes made in the scenario</b>. Any changes made in a given scenario from the base scenario can be viewed by selecting <b>Show</b> on the <b>Scenario</b> menu on the <b>Simulation Toolbar</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="273" height="257" id="Picture 440" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image086.jpg" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 440" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 3‑11 - Show Changes Made to the Active Scenario</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">This window will show a summary of any variables that have been changed in the current scenario. The value that the variable was assigned when the model was built is shown in the grayed-out box. If any of the variables changed in this scenario appear on an input controller, an icon will appear next to the variable name to indicate the input controller.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="453" height="181" id="Picture 277" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image087.png" alt="image" name="Picture 277" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 3‑12 - Summary of the Changes made in the Active Scenario.</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:14.2pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:62.25pt'> <td width="66" style= 'width:49.6pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:62.25pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="19" height="19" id= "Picture 13" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image088.png" alt= "A close up of a logo Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 13" /></span></p> </td> <td width="538" valign="top" style= 'width:403.7pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:62.25pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Parameter changes in a given scenario can be directly edited in this menu by adjusting the setting of the box that is not grayed out. Additionally, any unwanted changes can be returned to their default value by checking the box next to the parameter name and pressing the <b>Remove</b> button in the toolbar.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">Accept</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the form.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">21.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create an input control</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">(slider type) for the <b>split fraction</b> (in the "MLSS Splitter"). Access this variable by going to <b><i>Input Parameters > Splitter Setup</i></b>. Set the minimum and maximum values to 0 and 1, respectively.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">22.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a horizontal bar chart</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">for the solids profile in the new (copied) clarifier as described in the</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Analyzing the Plant</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">section of</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 2</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">23.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a X-Y graph for the effluent SS for each clarifier, and the combined effluent</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. In each case, the <b>total suspended solids</b> variable can be found in <b><i>Output Variables > Concentrations</i></b> of each object's outflow stream (ie. right-click on the connection point, not the process itself). Display all three concentrations on one graph and rename the graphs appropriately.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">24.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">With the steady state box checked, run a 1-day dynamic simulation.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">25.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the split fraction</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">to 0.3 using the interactive controller and increase the stop time to 2 days. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">26.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Resume</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the simulation using the <b>Resume</b> button (ie. don’t restart it) and let the simulation proceed until it stops.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">27.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Increase the flow to the plant</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">to 8,500 m<sup>3</sup>/d, and increase the stop time to 3 days.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">28.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Resume</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the simulation.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:53.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">A set of typical results are shown in</span> <b>Figure 3‑13</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. These graphs show the effect of the imbalanced flow split on final clarifier performance and combined final effluent SS.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="448" height= "385" id="Picture 111" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image089.png" alt="image" name="Picture 111" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref516327">Figure</a> 3‑13 - Typical Results</p> </div> <b><span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#4472C4'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span></b> <div class="WordSection6"> <h1><a name="_Ref11226269"></a><a name="_Toc10450030"></a><a name= "_Toc10456275"></a><a name="_Toc10634584"></a><a name= "_Toc10641248"></a><a name="_Toc10710282"></a><a name= "_Toc10712594"></a><a name="_Toc10714811"></a><a name= "_Toc10719390"></a><a name="_Toc10719634"></a><a name= "_Toc10724693"></a><a name="_Toc10725362"></a><a name= "_Toc11162487"></a><a name="_Toc11240215"></a><a name= "_Toc11241055"></a><a name="_Toc11312751"></a><a name= "_Toc11671247"></a><a name="_Toc12285698"></a><a name= "_Toc13140265"></a><a name="_Toc13140412"></a><a name= "_Toc18942065"></a><a name="_Toc19619264"></a><a name= "_Toc21088885"></a><a name="_Toc21089426"></a><a name= "_Toc10450031"></a><a name="_Toc10456276"></a><a name= "_Toc10634585"></a><a name="_Toc10641249"></a><a name= "_Toc10710283"></a><a name="_Toc10712595"></a><a name= "_Toc10714812"></a><a name="_Toc10719391"></a><a name= "_Toc10719635"></a><a name="_Toc10724694"></a><a name= "_Toc10725363"></a><a name="_Toc11162488"></a><a name= "_Toc11240216"></a><a name="_Toc11241056"></a><a name= "_Toc11312752"></a><a name="_Toc11671248"></a><a name= "_Toc12285699"></a><a name="_Toc13140266"></a><a name= "_Toc13140413"></a><a name="_Toc18942066"></a><a name= "_Toc19619265"></a><a name="_Toc21088886"></a><a name= "_Toc21089427"></a><a name="_Toc10450032"></a><a name= "_Toc10456277"></a><a name="_Toc10634586"></a><a name= "_Toc10641250"></a><a name="_Toc10710284"></a><a name= "_Toc10712596"></a><a name="_Toc10714813"></a><a name= "_Toc10719392"></a><a name="_Toc10719636"></a><a name= "_Toc10724695"></a><a name="_Toc10725364"></a><a name= "_Toc11162489"></a><a name="_Toc11240217"></a><a name= "_Toc11241057"></a><a name="_Toc11312753"></a><a name= "_Toc11671249"></a><a name="_Toc12285700"></a><a name= "_Toc13140267"></a><a name="_Toc13140414"></a><a name= "_Toc18942067"></a><a name="_Toc19619266"></a><a name= "_Toc21088887"></a><a name="_Toc21089428"></a><a name= "_Toc10450033"></a><a name="_Toc10456278"></a><a name= "_Toc10634587"></a><a name="_Toc10641251"></a><a name= "_Toc10710285"></a><a name="_Toc10712597"></a><a name= "_Toc10714814"></a><a name="_Toc10719393"></a><a name= "_Toc10719637"></a><a name="_Toc10724696"></a><a name= "_Toc10725365"></a><a name="_Toc11162490"></a><a name= "_Toc11240218"></a><a name="_Toc11241058"></a><a name= "_Toc11312754"></a><a name="_Toc11671250"></a><a name= "_Toc12285701"></a><a name="_Toc13140268"></a><a name= "_Toc13140415"></a><a name="_Toc18942068"></a><a name= "_Toc19619267"></a><a name="_Toc21088888"></a><a name= "_Toc21089429"></a><a name="_Toc22306083"></a><span lang="EN-US" style='font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 4<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2><a name="_Toc22306084">Generating Records of Model Dependent and Independent Variables</a></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306085">Problem Statement</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">For this tutorial, consider that your supervisor needs you run the plant model on a monthly basis and present them with various reports and information regarding the plant performance, flow through the plant, energy usage, and operating cost.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306086">Objectives</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">GPS-X makes it simple to create customized tables, and reports, and export the data contained within them to a format that can be easily analyzed understood.</span></p> <h3 style='margin-top:18.0pt'><a name="_Toc22306087">Creating a New Output Table Tab</a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the layout built in</span></b> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 3</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">and save it as</span> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">`<i>tutorial-4</i>’</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">using <b><i>File > Save As...</i></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch into <b>Simulation Mode</b> if not already there.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">In addition to the viewing model results and summaries on the <b>Quick Display</b> and various <b>Graph</b> outputs discussed in </span><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 2</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">and</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 3</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">, you can also create custom-designed tables. These tables can be populated with a wide range of model outputs and present the data as a summary of stream or process variables across the layout.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:13.95pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="47" style='width:35.45pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:right; text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="23" height="20" id= "Picture 539" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image090.png" alt="image" name="Picture 539" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:16.15pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a <b>Table Tab</b>. Press the <b>New Table Tab</b> button on the Outputs toolbar. This will open the Table Properties setup wizard.</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="47" style='width:35.45pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:right; text-indent:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="29" height="29" id= "Picture 540" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image091.png" alt="image" name="Picture 540" /></span></b></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:16.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Populate the table</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. By default, all options are selected. We are only interested in a few streams and a few variables, so begin by pressing the <b>Select None</b> buttons at the top of each choice panel. This will deselect all options.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height: 110%'>Then make the following selections on the <b>Stream Choice</b> panel:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.45pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;line-height: 110%'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Influent (wwinf) > wwinf</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.45pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;line-height: 110%'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Aeration Tank (mlss) > mlss</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.45pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;line-height: 110%'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Final Clarifier 1 (fe1) > fe1</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.45pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;line-height: 110%'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Final Clarifier 2 (fe2) > fe2</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:107.45pt;text-align:justify; text-indent:-17.85pt;line-height:110%'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">FE Combiner (fe) > fe</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm;line-height:110%'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">On the Variable Choice panel, select the following:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.45pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;line-height: 110%'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Solids > TSS & VSS</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.45pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-17.85pt;line-height: 110%'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Organic Variables > COD</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:107.7pt;text-align:justify; line-height:110%'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Nitrogen Variables > Ammonia Nitrogen & Nitrate & Nitrite</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="377" height= "513" id="Picture 23" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image092.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 23" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 4‑1 – Table Display Setup Wizard</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Press <b>Accept</b> to create the table.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run a <b>Steady State</b> simulation of the “Default Scenario” located in the Simulation toolbar under Scenario > Select Scenario and observe the new table tab. From the table we can observe the reduction in the TSS and COD concentrations across both secondary clarifiers (mlss and fe1/fe2 streams); and the nitrification occurring across the aeration tank (wwinf and mlss streams).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="598" height="272" id="Picture 442" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image093.jpg" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 442" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 4‑2 - New Table Tab Output</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style='margin-left:7.1pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="21" height="18" id= "Picture 541" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image094.png" alt="image" name="Picture 541" /></span></p> </td> <td width="576" valign="top" style= 'width:432.05pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:30.25pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Export the table</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Save a copy of the data in this table by selecting the table tab (if it’s not already shown) and press the <b>Export</b> button on the Outputs toolbar. This will open a drop-down menu with the options to export as a Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel file. Selecting either option will open a file browser where you can select an appropriate location and name for the file.</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="20" height="20" id="Picture 542" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image095.gif" alt="image" name="Picture 542" /></span></b></p> </td> <td width="576" valign="top" style= 'width:432.05pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:30.25pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">View the data as a Bar Chart</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. If you would like to visualize the data in a particular row, click the bar chart icon next to the unit. This will create a new tab with the appropriate bar chart. </span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:0cm;text-align:center; page-break-after:avoid'> <img width="356" height="275" id="Picture 124" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image096.png" alt="image" name="Picture 124" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 4‑3 – Bar Charts from Table Display for COD</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout.</span></b></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306088"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Additional Output Displays</span></a></h3> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="56" style='width:42.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="26" height="26" id= "Picture 543" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image097.png" alt="image" name="Picture 543" /></span></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:23.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">10.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">After running a simulation, options in GPS-X, it will unlock to analyze the results of the simulation. On the Outputs toolbar, the Additional Output Displays option will become enabled.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">Selecting the Additional Output Displays option will open a drop down menu with various useful tools for visualizing the outputs of the simulation. We will now explore each option available in this menu.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="281" height="167" id="Picture 443" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image098.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 443" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 4‑4 - Additional Output Displays Menu</p> <h3 style='margin-top:18.0pt'><a name="_Toc22306089">Creating a Sankey Diagram</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">GPS-X can create a Sankey diagram of five variables (Flow, TSS, COD, TN, and TP). Sankey diagrams are flow diagrams that display variable quantities in terms of arrow width. This allows users to look at the plant's performance visually and display the results effectively. </span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:6.85pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="23" height="17" id="Picture 544" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image099.png" alt="image" name="Picture 544" /></span></b></p> </td> <td width="576" valign="top" style= 'width:432.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:30.15pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the Sankey Diagram window</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Once a simulation run has been completed, select the Sankey Diagram option from the Additional Output Diagrams drop down menu. This will open the <b>Sankey Diagram</b> window. </span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="652" height="392" id="Picture 444" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image100.jpg" alt= "A screenshot of a video game Description automatically generated" name="Picture 444" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9595722">Figure</a> 4‑5 - Sankey Diagram Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><b>Figure 4‑5</b> shows a Sankey Diagram of the system flow rates. The diagram displays the Sankey graph and the values for each stream.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>Notice that a stream with a higher flow rate displays a wider arrow. In this example, the flows out of the clarifiers illustrate this. The effluent stream (940 m<sup>3</sup>/d) has a much bigger arrow than the tiny arrow exiting the pumped flow (60 m<sup>3</sup>/d).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>You can change settings and output variables using the <b>Display</b>, <b>Variable</b>, and <b>Sankey</b> features on top of the Sankey diagram window.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>The Sankey diagram can be exported using the <b>Export</b> features.</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306090"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Creating a Mass Balance Diagram</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The values represented visually by the thickness and color of the lines in a Sankey Diagram can also be represented numerically in a Mass Balance Diagram.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:6.85pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:52.3pt'> <td width="57" style= 'width:42.55pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:52.3pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="24" height="24" id= "Picture 545" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image101.png" alt="image" name="Picture 545" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:52.3pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:16.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">13.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the Mass Balance window</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Once a simulation run has been completed, select the Mass Balance Diagram option from the Additional Output Diagrams drop down menu. This will open the <b>Mass Balance Diagram Wizard</b> menu</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span style='color:black'>This menu will allow you to select what information you would like to be displayed on the diagram. The</span> <b>Columns</b> options can be used toggle the display of concentration and/or mass flow rates while the <b>Rows</b> options can be used to select the variables of interest.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;page-break-after: avoid'> Press <b>Next</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-left:60.55pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-18.0pt;page-break-after:avoid'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="508" height="369" id="Picture 283" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image102.png" alt="image" name="Picture 283" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 4‑6 - Mass Balance Setup Wizard Table Contents</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:13.95pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoCaption" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="21" height="21" id= "Picture 547" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image103.png" alt="image" name="Picture 547" /></span></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:23.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select the Streams</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. The Mass Balance Wizard will initially select all of the streams on the drawing board, but we are only interested in a few of the streams. Press the <b>Select None</b> button to deselect all options.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Select the following options from the menu:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.45pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Influent (wwinf) > wwinf</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.45pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Aeration Tank (mlss) > mlss</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.45pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Final Clarifier 1 (fe1) > fe1</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.45pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Final Clarifier 2 (fe2) > fe2</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.45pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">FE Combiner (fe) > fe</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:center; page-break-after:avoid'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="517" height="383" id="Picture 286" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image104.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 286" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 4‑7 - Mass Balance Setup Wizard Stream Selection</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">15.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Press <b>Finish</b></span> to confirm the streams you would like to be shown in the diagram.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">16.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Auto Arrange</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. After selecting finish, you will be prompted to auto arrange the table locations. By selecting this option, GPS-X will align all of the tables along the top and bottom of the diagram close to the stream it is creating a table for. Choosing not to auto arrange the tables will use a previous table layout if available. In this case, it will produce the same layout as auto arrange.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:71.7pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">After accepting auto arrange, the <b>Mass Balance Diagram</b> will open. You can click and drag the tables anywhere you would like in the diagram window.</span> <b>Figure 4‑8</b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">shows a Mass Balance Diagram of the system after the user has manually arranged the tables. The diagram displays the mass and concentration flow rates of the variables in each stream of interest.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:71.7pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The Mass Balance Diagram can be exported using the <b>Export</b> features.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="611" height= "473" id="Picture 291" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image105.png" alt="image" name="Picture 291" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9425139">Figure</a> 4‑8 - Mass Balance Diagram Example</p> <h3 style='margin-top:18.0pt'><a name="_Toc22306091">Viewing an Energy Usage Summary</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:12.0pt; margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">After a simulation has been run, you can choose to view a plant schematic output summary of either the Energy Usage or Operating Costs. First let’s explore the Energy Usage Summary.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:6.85pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="47" style='width:35.45pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style= 'margin-top:0cm;text-align:right'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"><img width="23" height="23" id="Picture 548" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image106.png" alt="image" name="Picture 548" /></span></b></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:23.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">17.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the Energy Usage Summary window</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. Once a simulation run has been completed, select the Energy Usage Summary option from the Additional Output Diagrams drop down menu. This will display the Energy Usage summary window</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'>In the window, an image of the layout is shown with ‘hot spots’ around the unit processes that represent the value of the variable that is being displayed. The intensity of the color of the ‘hot spot’ increases as the value gets larger. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:12.0pt; margin-left:84.9pt'> By selecting a different type of power usage from the “Variable” pull-down menu, you can view a summary of the different types of power used in the plant (aeration, pumping, mixing, etc.). </p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="580" height= "470" id="Picture 339" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image107.png" alt= "A screenshot of a video game Description automatically generated" name="Picture 339" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 4‑9 - Energy Usage Summary Window</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">18.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click on the Aeration Tank</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. This will take you to the “Table/Pie View” and select the row that corresponds to the aeration tank. Changing the selected row/column will change the pie chart to display the appropriate data.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="624" height="359" id="Picture 447" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image108.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 447" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 4‑10 - Table/Pie View of Aeration Tank</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">19.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Press OK</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">to close the window.</span></p> <h3 style='margin-top:18.0pt'><a name="_Toc22306092">Viewing an Operating cost Summary</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:12.0pt; margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">We will now explore the Operating Cost Summary.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:6.85pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="57" style='width:42.55pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style= 'margin-top:0cm;text-align:right'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"><img width="26" height="23" id="Picture 551" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image109.png" alt="image" name="Picture 551" /></span></b></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:16.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">20.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the Operating Cost Summary window</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. Once a simulation run has been completed, select the Operating Cost Summary option from the Additional Output Diagrams drop down menu. Selecting it will display the Operating Cost summary window.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span style='color:black'>You will notice that this window is arranged in a similar manner to that of the Energy Cost Summary window. An image of the layout is shown with ‘hot spots’ around the unit processes that represent the value of the variable that is</span> being displayed. The intensity of the color of the ‘hot spot’ increases as the value gets larger. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:12.0pt; margin-left:72.0pt'> By selecting a different type of costing from the “Variable” pull-down menu, you can view a summary of the different types of operating cost that exist in a plant (aeration, chemical dosing, sludge disposal). </p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="599" height="486" id="Picture 452" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image110.png" alt= "A screenshot of a video game Description automatically generated" name="Picture 452" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 4‑11 - Energy Cost Summary Window</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">21.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click on the Aeration Tank</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. This will take you to the “Table/Pie View” and select the row that corresponds to the aeration tank. Changing the selected row/column will change the pie chart to display the appropriate data.</span></p> <h3 style='margin-top:18.0pt'><a name="_Toc22306093">Generating a Report</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You may wish to create a report with a list of all the parameter values, as well as the model results for a particular simulation. The reports are generated in Microsoft Excel or Microsoft Word format.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:13.95pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="21" height="18" id="Picture 552" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image111.png" alt="image" name="Picture 552" /></span></b></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:23.2pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">22.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click on the Report button</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">in the main toolbar (NOT the button with a similar icon on the Output toolbar. That one will just export the selected output display).</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style= 'color:black'>This will open a</span> window where you can create a <b>Standard</b> Word Report, or create a <b>Standard</b> or <b>Custom</b> Spreadsheet Report. </p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">23.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click on the Report button</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">in the main toolbar (NOT the button with a similar icon on the Output toolbar. That one will just export the selected output display).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">This will open a window where you can create a <b>Standard</b> Word Report, or create a <b>Standard</b> or <b>Custom</b> Spreadsheet Report. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">24.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select Standard Spreadsheet Report</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. The <b>Options</b> button beside it allows you include/exclude certain data from the report.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">25.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Press the Generate button</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. A file browser will be displayed where you can choose an appropriate directory and file name.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">26.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">View the Report</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. After it’s created, you will be asked if you want to open the file. <b>Click Yes</b>, and the report will be opened in Excel. Browse through the various worksheets to see the model layout, details of each object, and output graph data</span></p> </div> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang="EN-US"><br clear="all" style= 'page-break-before:always' /></span> <div class="WordSection7"> <h1><a name="_Ref482091441"></a><a name= "_Toc22306094"></a><span lang="EN-US" style='font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 5<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2><a name="_Ref479074282"></a><a name="_Toc22306095"></a><a name= "_Toc479321877">Influent Data & Influent Advisor</a></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306096"></a><a name="_Toc479321878">Problem Statement</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You have some historical data related to the influent wastewater for your plant and it does not resemble the default data presented in the GPS-X influent object forms. Unfortunately, a full characterization of your influent wastewater has not been performed. Nevertheless, you need to estimate the influent wastewater characterization so that the model can be used with an influent that approximates your influent data. </span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306097"></a><a name= "_Toc479321879">Objectives</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">In this tutorial, you will investigate the influent models, the impact of the local biological model on the influent calculations and the use of <b>Influent Advisor</b> as a tool to help characterize influent data.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306098"></a><a name="_Toc479321880">Influent Data</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The following historical data have been gathered at your plant and represent average values for your influent.</span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref518228"></a><a name= "_Ref518244">Table</a> 5‑1 – Average Historical Data</p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTable15Grid4Accent1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="387" style= 'width:290.35pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:19.75pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right: none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:19.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Measured Parameter</span></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#4472C4; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:19.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Value</span></p> </td> <td width="113" style= 'width:3.0cm;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left:none; background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:19.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Units</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:22.7pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'color:black'>total COD</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span style= 'color:black'>365</span></p> </td> <td width="113" style= 'width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span style= 'color:black'>gCOD/m<sup>3</sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:22.7pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b>ammonia nitrogen</b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>26</p> </td> <td width="113" style= 'width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>gN/m<sup>3</sup></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:22.7pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'color:black'>total TKN</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span style= 'color:black'>36</span></p> </td> <td width="113" style= 'width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span style= 'color:black'>gN/m<sup>3</sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:22.7pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b>total carbonaceous BOD5</b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>190</p> </td> <td width="113" style= 'width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'> gO<sub>2</sub>/m<sup>3</sup></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:22.7pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'color:black'>filtered COD</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span style= 'color:black'>68</span></p> </td> <td width="113" style= 'width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span style= 'color:black'>gCOD/m<sup>3</sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:22.7pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b>total suspended solids</b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>210</p> </td> <td width="113" style= 'width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>g/m<sup>3</sup></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:22.7pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'color:black'>volatile suspended solids</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span style= 'color:black'>168</span></p> </td> <td width="113" style= 'width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span style= 'color:black'>g/m<sup>3</sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:22.7pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b>filtered TKN</b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>31</p> </td> <td width="113" style= 'width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:22.7pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>gN/m<sup>3</sup></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm'> </p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="66" style='width:49.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="19" height="24" id= "Picture 554" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image030.png" alt="image" name="Picture 554" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:16.1pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a New Layout. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Press the <b>New</b> button on the main toolbar.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select a library.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> In this tutorial, we will be using the Comprehensive – Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, pH (mantis2lib) library. If it isn’t already selected, choose it from the Library menu.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Place an influent object on the drawing board.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> From the <i>Influent</i> group in the Process Table, drag a <b>Wastewater Influent</b> object on the drawing board.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">as</span> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">`<i>tutorial-5’</i></span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Simulation Mode</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. We will be using a scenario to demonstrate the changes for this case study.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a new scenario named <i>Influent.</i></span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">This process is described in</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 3</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">in the </span><b>Using Scenarios</b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">section.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the Influent Advisor tool.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> To do this, right-click on the influent object and select <b><i>Composition</i></b></span> <b><i><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%' xml:lang= "EN-US">></span></i></b> <b><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Influent Characterization</span></i></b><b><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%' xml:lang= "EN-US">.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="466" height="267" id="Picture 454" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image112.jpg" alt= "A screenshot of a social media post Description automatically generated" name="Picture 454" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 5‑1 - Accessing Influent Advisor Tool</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Adjust values under “User Inputs”.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> You’ll notice that under the “User Inputs” section of the Influent Advisor tool are various values that you can change. From our list of data in</span> <b>Table 5‑1</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">, only the first three values are immediately accessible.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Enter the values for total COD, total TKN and ammonia nitrogen.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="418" height="163" id="Picture 150" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image113.png" alt="image" name="Picture 150" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 5‑2 – Adjusted Values</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The entries are shown in green, indicating that these changes are part of the <i>Influent</i> scenario you created earlier.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Check the remaining data in the table against their corresponding values in the Influent Advisor</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. You will find the remaining variables in the right-most column (Composite Variables). </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The values reflect the new COD, TKN and ammonia input, but use the default influent fractionation. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Note that the plant data differs from the calculated values displayed in the Influent Advisor tool.</span></p> <p class="MsoCaption" style='page-break-after:avoid'>Table 5‑2 - Plant Data vs Calculated Data</p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTable15Grid4Accent1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="519" style= 'width:389.6pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right: none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Parameter</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#4472C4; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Plant Value</span></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.1pt;border-top:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#4472C4; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Displayed Value</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Units</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>total COD</span></b></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>365</span></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>-</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>gCOD/m<sup>3</sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>ammonia nitrogen</b></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 26</p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'>-</p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> gN/m<sup>3</sup></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>total TKN</span></b></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>36</span></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>-</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>gN/m<sup>3</sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>total carbonaceous BOD5</b></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 190</p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:red'>188.2</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> gO<sub>2</sub>/m<sup>3</sup></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>filtered COD</span></b></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>68</span></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:red'>125.2</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>gCOD/m<sup>3</sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>total suspended solids</b></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 210</p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:red'>185.3</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> g/m<sup>3</sup></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>volatile suspended solids</span></b></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>168</span></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:red'>139.0</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>g/m<sup>3</sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>filtered TKN</b></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 31</p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:red'>28.9</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> gN/m<sup>3</sup></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Clearly, the influent model calculations are inconsistent with the data for your plant indicating that one or more of the default settings (i.e. composition data or stoichiometric fraction) are inconsistent with your wastewater. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">In the next section, we will investigate the steps required to reconcile these discrepancies.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306099"></a><a name="_Toc479321881">Using Influent Advisor</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The Influent Advisor tool has been designed to make the characterization of the influent waste stream as straightforward as possible. It would be possible to run a series of simulations (while adjusting influent parameters on sliders and observing plotted outputs) to find the correct settings, however this method would require setting up input controllers and output tables/graphs and could be potentially time-consuming.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>The Influent Advisor tool shows all input and output in an interactive way, allowing users to determine which inputs affect each output, and to trace all dependencies. The window contains three columns:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> User Inputs</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> State Variables</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span style= 'font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Composite Variables</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>We will now browse the various calculations and variables that make up our desired data.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">10.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Find the VSS variable in the Composite Variables column and click on the value.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The VSS row will be highlighted and if you scroll up and down the page, you will also notice that several other rows have been highlighted in a lighter blue color. These are the variables that are used to calculate the VSS value.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Right at the bottom of the tool (scroll down), the actual formula is displayed (see</span> <b>Figure 5‑4</b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">). This formula corresponds to the formula used in GPS-X to calculate the value clicked on, in this case vss.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="622" height="302" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image114.png" alt= "image" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 5‑3 – Influent Advisor showing Variable Relationships</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="624" height= "53" id="Picture 217" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image115.png" alt="image" name="Picture 217" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref518414">Figure</a> 5‑4 – Equation for VSS</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Let’s proceed to adjust the influent parameters (fractions and/or concentrations) to reconcile the model predictions with the measured values</span>.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Note that the particulate VSS to TSS ratio is used</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">in the calculation of <b>TSS</b>. Select <b>total suspended solids (x)</b> from the Composite Variables table. This is one of several important relationships that can be calculated from the existing data. For instance:</span></p> <p class="body" align="center" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">VSS:TSS ratio (ivt) = 168/210 = 0.8</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Enter this value into the</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><b>User</b> <b>Inputs</b> <b>column</b> under the <b>Influent Fractions</b> sub‑heading. Note that doing this seemingly results in values further away from what you are looking for. Further changes will be required.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">13.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click on</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><b>VSS</b> to display the calculation formula. By continuing to click on the cells in the formula, you should be able to determine that <b>vss</b> is a function of the Particulate Organic Compounds, such as <b>xi</b> (particulate inert material), <b>xu</b> (unbiodegradable cell products), and <b>xs</b> (slowly biodegradable substrate). The VSS is lower than our target, meaning that we must distribute more of the influent COD to the particulate forms (and less to the soluble forms).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Adjust the stoichiometric ratios in the <b>Organic Fractions</b> sub-heading to increase the particulate COD concentrations. Try the following changes:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.7pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">set <b>soluble inert fraction of total COD</b> to 0.02,</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.7pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">set <b>readily biodegradable fraction of total COD</b> to 0.15, and</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.7pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">set <b>colloidal fraction of slowly biodegradable COD</b> to 0.05.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">These changes force more of the COD into the xs (slowly biodegradable substrate) state variable, which therefore increases VSS and TSS.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:67.6pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">15.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Lastly, adjust the soluble TKN (stkn) value under the Composite Variables > Nitrogen Concentrations Headings. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click on the equation to determine the appropriate input parameter(s) to adjust and make the necessary change(s). You may find that adjusting the nitrogen variables causes the TSS to change. Make further adjustments to the influent COD fractions to bring the TSS back to the target.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:67.6pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="623" valign="top" style= 'width:467.5pt;border:solid #70AD47 1.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">NOTE: In reality, you will characterize your influent and adjust these unknown parameters based on the model behavior and how that model behavior relates to what has been observed or measured at the plant. Each wastewater is different, and each will require some adjustment of these parameters to get a characterization that results in model behavior that is consistent with your plant behavior.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span style= 'color:black'>An example of one possible solution to the infl</span>uent characterization is shown in <b>Figure 5‑5</b> and <b>Table 5‑3</b> below.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img width="286" height= "394" id="Picture 462" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image116.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 462" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9598302">Figure</a> 5‑5 - User Inputs<br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></p> <p class="MsoCaption" style='page-break-after:avoid'><a name= "_Ref21089170">Table</a> 5‑3 - Plant Data vs Entered Data with Calculated Results</p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTable15Grid4Accent1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="661" style= 'border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="283" style= 'width:212.4pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right: none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Parameter</span></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#4472C4; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Plant Value</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:77.95pt;border-top:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#4472C4; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Entered Value</span></p> </td> <td width="94" style= 'width:70.85pt;border-top:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#4472C4; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Shown Value</span></p> </td> <td width="95" style= 'width:70.9pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left:none; background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Units</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="283" style= 'width:212.4pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;color:black'>total COD</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>365</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:77.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>365</span></p> </td> <td width="94" style= 'width:70.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>-</span></p> </td> <td width="95" style= 'width:70.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>gCOD/m<sup>3</sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="283" style= 'width:212.4pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>ammonia nitrogen</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 26</p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:77.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 26</p> </td> <td width="94" style= 'width:70.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'>-</p> </td> <td width="95" style= 'width:70.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> gN/m<sup>3</sup></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="283" style= 'width:212.4pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;color:black'>total TKN</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>36</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:77.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>36</span></p> </td> <td width="94" style= 'width:70.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>-</span></p> </td> <td width="95" style= 'width:70.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>gN/m<sup>3</sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="283" style= 'width:212.4pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>total carbonaceous BOD5</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 190</p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:77.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'>-</p> </td> <td width="94" style= 'width:70.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 188.5</p> </td> <td width="95" style= 'width:70.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> gO<sub>2</sub>/m<sup>3</sup></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="283" style= 'width:212.4pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;color:black'>filtered COD</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>68</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:77.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>-</span></p> </td> <td width="94" style= 'width:70.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>69.7</span></p> </td> <td width="95" style= 'width:70.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>gCOD/m<sup>3</sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="283" style= 'width:212.4pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>total suspended solids</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 210</p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:77.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'>-</p> </td> <td width="94" style= 'width:70.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 209.7</p> </td> <td width="95" style= 'width:70.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> g/m<sup>3</sup></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="283" style= 'width:212.4pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;color:black'>volatile suspended solids</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>168</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:77.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>-</span></p> </td> <td width="94" style= 'width:70.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>167.7</span></p> </td> <td width="95" style= 'width:70.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>g/m<sup>3</sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="283" style= 'width:212.4pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>filtered TKN</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 31</p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:77.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'>-</p> </td> <td width="94" style= 'width:70.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 30.6</p> </td> <td width="95" style= 'width:70.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> gN/m<sup>3</sup></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="283" style= 'width:212.4pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;color:black'>VSS/TSS ratio</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>-</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:77.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>0.8</span></p> </td> <td width="94" style= 'width:70.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>-</span></p> </td> <td width="95" style= 'width:70.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>gVSS/gTSS</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="283" style= 'width:212.4pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>soluble inert fraction of total COD</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'>-</p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:77.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 0.02</p> </td> <td width="94" style= 'width:70.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'>-</p> </td> <td width="95" style= 'width:70.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'>-</p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="283" style= 'width:212.4pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;color:black'>readily biodegradable fraction of total COD</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>-</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:77.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>0.15</span></p> </td> <td width="94" style= 'width:70.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>-</span></p> </td> <td width="95" style= 'width:70.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>-</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="283" style= 'width:212.4pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>colloidal fraction of slowly biodegradable COD</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'>-</p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:77.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 0.03</p> </td> <td width="94" style= 'width:70.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'>-</p> </td> <td width="95" style= 'width:70.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'>-</p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="283" style= 'width:212.4pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;color:black'>ammonium fraction of soluble TKN</span></b></p> </td> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>-</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:77.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>0.85</span></p> </td> <td width="94" style= 'width:70.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>-</span></p> </td> <td width="95" style= 'width:70.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>-</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306100"></a><a name="_Toc479321882">Influent Advisor Warnings</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Strictly as an exercise to demonstrate a point, you will now change the influent characterization so that a warning message is generated due to an improperly characterized influent.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">16.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the total TKN value (tkn) to 15 mgN/L and hit ‘Enter’. </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="624" height="135" id="Picture 292" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image117.png" alt= "A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generated" name="Picture 292" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 5‑6 - An Example of an Error in the Influent Advisor</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:67.6pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">You will notice that some state and composite variables have been highlighted in <b><span style='color:red'>red</span></b>. If a value in a collapsed menu is highlighted, that menu’s title will be highlighted <b><span style= 'color:red'>red</span></b>. This indicates a negative value. These negative values can sometimes be the result of unusual or poor characterization data. Negative influent concentrations can cause mass balance errors and convergence problems, so these values must be addressed before proceeding with a simulation. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:67.6pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Note that if you attempt to <b>Accept</b> an improperly characterized influent, a pop up will be generated to warn you that the input values have resulted in negative state or composite variables and you will be unable to accept the characterization until this value has be addressed.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306101"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Dynamic Data Validation</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:67.6pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The Dynamic Data Validation tool is used to validate a dynamic input data set prior to using it to run a dynamic simulation. The tool will take the input data and preform influent characterization calculations at each time step in the data set, identifying any negative values.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:13.95pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="right" style= 'margin-left:0cm; text-align:right;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="27" height="22" id= "Picture 555" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image118.png" alt="image" name="Picture 555" /></span></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:23.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">17.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Access the Dynamic Data Validation Tool</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. The Dynamic Data Validation tool can be found in the toolbar at the bottom of the Influent Advisor tool window.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="355" height="38" id="Picture 295" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image119.png" alt= "A close up of a logo Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 295" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 5‑7 - Influent Advisor Toolbar</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">18.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> The Dynamic Data Validation Tool window will open and you will be required to add a pathway to both an input and an output data file<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:67.6pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">There are two methods in which you can prepare the input file:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:103.6pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">A.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Manually prepare the spreadsheet outside of GPS-X and adding it directly to the <b>Dynamic Data Validation Tool</b> using the <b>Browse</b> button (Best used for multiple variables). Refer to </span><b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 6</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">for instructions on manually preparing spreadsheets.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:103.6pt;text-indent: 0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:103.6pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">B.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Use the <b>Create Template</b> tool in GPS-X to automatically prepare the file (best for single variables).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:67.6pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">This tutorial will focus on Method B.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="382" height="481" id="Picture 363" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image120.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 363" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 5‑8 - Dynamic Data Validation Window</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:67.6pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">19.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Press the Create Template</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">button.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">20.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select the Parameters</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. GPS-X will prompt you to select the parameters you would like to include in the dynamic data validation.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:67.6pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Select the following parameters:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:103.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">cod / total COD</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:103.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">tkn / total TKN</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:103.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">snh / Ammonia Nitrogen</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="486" height="293" id="Picture 364" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image121.png" alt="image" name="Picture 364" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 5‑9 - Dynamic Data Validation Parameter Selection</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">21.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the file by pressing Accept</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. You will be prompted to save the Excel spreadsheet in the active directory using the same name as the layout. Press <b>Save</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">22.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the file</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. GPS-X will prompt you to open the newly created spreadsheet. Press <b>Yes</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="226" height="172" id="Picture 373" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image122.png" alt= "A picture containing crossword puzzle Description automatically generated" name="Picture 373" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 5‑10 - Excel Spreadsheet Generated by GPS-X</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">23.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Enter the data found in</span> <b>Table 5‑4</b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">into the Input File. The <b><span style='color:red'>bold red</span></b> values in the table correspond to the poorly characterized values that will cause influent advisor to calculate a negative value.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoCaption" style='page-break-after:avoid'><a name= "_Ref21089167">Table</a> 5‑4 - Data for Dynamic Data Validation</p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTable15Grid4Accent1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="510" style= 'width:382.7pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right: none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>t</span></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#4472C4; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>codcon1</span></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#4472C4; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>tkncod1</span></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>snhcod1</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>d</span></b></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>gCOD/m3</span></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>gN/m3</span></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>gN/m3</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>0</b></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 370</p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 36</p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 25</p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>1</span></b></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>375</span></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>36</span></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:red'>40</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>2</b></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 374</p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 37</p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 25</p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>3</span></b></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>376</span></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>38</span></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>26</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>4</b></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 373</p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 40</p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 29</p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>5</span></b></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>378</span></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>42</span></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>28</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="85" style= 'width:63.8pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>6</b></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 380</p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:red'>15</span></b></p> </td> <td width="142" style= 'width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 28</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">24.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save</span></b> <span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the changes made to the Excel Spreadsheet.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">25.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create an Output File</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press the <b>Browse</b> button next to the Output File entry field. You will be prompted to create an output file in the current working directory. Press <b>Save</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">26.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Press Validate Data</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">27.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The results of the data validation will be recorded in the output file. After validating the data, GPS-X will prompt you to open the output file. Press <b>Yes</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:67.6pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">28.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The Output File of the Dynamic Data Validation can be seen in</span> <b>Figure 5‑11</b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="655" height="77" id="Picture 381" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image123.png" alt= "A screenshot of a social media post Description automatically generated" name="Picture 381" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref10452957"></a><a name= "_Ref10452972">Figure</a> 5‑11 - Output of the Dynamic Data Validation</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:67.6pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Notice that row(s) 4 and 9 are highlighted yellow and contain cells that have been highlighted with a red background. The yellow rows indicate that the influent conditions used at this time step results in a negative value being calculated in the influent characterization. The red cells indicate the negative values calculated in the influent characterization</span></p> </div> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang="EN-US"><br clear="all" style= 'page-break-before:always' /></span> <div class="WordSection8"> <h1><a name="_Ref11226376"></a><a name="_Toc21088908"></a><a name= "_Toc21089449"></a><a name="_Toc21088909"></a><a name= "_Toc21089450"></a><a name="_Toc21088910"></a><a name= "_Toc21089451"></a><a name="_Toc21088911"></a><a name= "_Toc21089452"></a><a name="_Toc21088912"></a><a name= "_Toc21089453"></a><a name="_Toc21088913"></a><a name= "_Toc21089454"></a><a name="_Toc21088914"></a><a name= "_Toc21089455"></a><a name="_Toc10724716"></a><a name= "_Toc10725385"></a><a name="_Toc11162510"></a><a name= "_Toc11240238"></a><a name="_Toc11241078"></a><a name= "_Toc11312774"></a><a name="_Toc11671270"></a><a name= "_Toc12285721"></a><a name="_Toc13140288"></a><a name= "_Toc13140435"></a><a name="_Toc18942088"></a><a name= "_Toc19619287"></a><a name="_Toc21088915"></a><a name= "_Toc21089456"></a><a name="_Toc10724717"></a><a name= "_Toc10725386"></a><a name="_Toc11162511"></a><a name= "_Toc11240239"></a><a name="_Toc11241079"></a><a name= "_Toc11312775"></a><a name="_Toc11671271"></a><a name= "_Toc12285722"></a><a name="_Toc13140289"></a><a name= "_Toc13140436"></a><a name="_Toc18942089"></a><a name= "_Toc19619288"></a><a name="_Toc21088916"></a><a name= "_Toc21089457"></a><a name="_Toc22306102"></a><span lang="EN-US" style='font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 6<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2><a name="_Toc22306103"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Data Input & Output</span></a></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306104"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Problem Statement</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You are interested in testing your plant under more dynamic or stressful conditions such as a storm. Unfortunately, you do not have access to real storm flow data. Therefore, you will generate a simulated storm loading to your plant and then input this data as a driving function for the model. You will investigate the effect of step feed during the storm.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Interactive controllers provide an easy-to-use method for exploring the dynamic response of the model. However, in most modeling projects, it is desirable if not essential to input <i>real</i> forcing functions to examine how the model behaves under <i>real</i> conditions. The forcing functions can be flows or influent concentrations, or any other model parameter, but are always in the form of time dynamic data; that is, variable values over time. A typical set of time dynamic data would be the influent flow rate to the plant over a period of time. GPS-X facilitates the input of this data so that the model will be tested against real conditions.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306105"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Objectives</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">This chapter covers an important and useful feature of GPS-X:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:24.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal'> <span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Using a data file as an input to control simulations</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306106">Setting up Dynamic Input</a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the layout built in</span></b> <a href= "start.htm#_Running_Interactive_Simulations"><b><span style= 'color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Tutorial 2</span></b></a> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">and save it as</span> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">`<i>tutorial-6</i>’</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">using <b><i>File > Save As...</i></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Simulation Mode.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create Input Controllers.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">More information regarding input controllers is presented in</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 2</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Right-click on the influent and select <b><i>Composition > Influent Characterization</i></b> to bring up the Influent Advisor tool.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The Influent Advisor will take up most, if not all, of the room on the main window. Click the little right arrow (see</span> Figure 6‑1<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">) between the “User Inputs” column and “State Variables” column to shrink the window and hide everything except the “User Inputs” column.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="467" height="91" id="Canvas 422" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image124.png" alt="image" name="Canvas 422" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref21684759">Figure</a> 6‑1 – Shrink Influent Advisor</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Now that you have room, drag <b>total COD</b>, <b>total TKN</b> and <b>ammonia nitrogen</b> to the controls section to create interactive sliders. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="432" height="128" id="Picture 423" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image125.png" alt="image" name="Picture 423" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑2 – New Input Controllers</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The next step is setting up the data in files to be read by GPS-X during a simulation. There are two different ways that data files can be prepared for the file input controllers:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">A.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Manually preparing spreadsheets outside of GPS-X (best used for preparing data for multiple variables) and adding the data file to the layout in <b><i>Scenario > Configuration</i></b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">or</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">B.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Using the <b>Data File…</b> tool in the GPS-X to automatically prepare the file (best used for preparing data for a single variable).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">This tutorial will use both methods to illustrate their use. </span></p> <h4><a name="node9" id="node9"></a><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Method A: Manually Preparing a Spreadsheet Input File</span></h4> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:13.95pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="47" style='width:35.45pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="17" height="19" id= "Picture 558" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image126.png" alt="image" name="Picture 558" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:16.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">To open the Data File organizer window, press the</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Data File</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">button on the main toolbar in GPS-X.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">Press the</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">New</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">button to open the Data File Creation Wizard.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Ensure Input Variable is selected in the ‘Input or Output’ pane of the Data File Creation Wizard. Press <b>Next</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="443" height="275" id="Picture 425" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image127.png" alt="image" name="Picture 425" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑3 – Data File Creation Wizard</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select the Variables</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. All of the input variables that are currently used to make an input controller will be available to add to a data file.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">From the Flow control tab, select [wwinf] influent flow, [wwinf] total COD, [wwinf] total TKN and [wwinf] ammonia nitrogen. Press <b>Next</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="538" height="319" id="Picture 426" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image128.png" alt="image" name="Picture 426" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑4 - Input Variable Selection</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the File</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. By default, GPS-X will save the excel sheet in the active directory with the same name as the layout. Press <b>Finish</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="397" height="297" id="Picture 428" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image129.png" alt="image" name="Picture 428" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑5 - Save New Data File</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the file</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. You will be prompted to open the new file after saving it. Press <b>Yes</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="384" height="102" id="Picture 427" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image130.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 427" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑6 - Input Data File Generated by GPS-X</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">We have created a version of this data file that has already been populated with data to use for this portion of the tutorial. Locate and open the <b>tutorial-6-example-data.xls</b> spreadsheet file in the following subdirectory of the GPS-X installation:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">\layouts\08tutorials\</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="408" height="349" id="Picture 83" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image131.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 83" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑7 – Contents of “tutorial-4-example-data.xls”</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">We will use the data found in this file as our dynamic dataset. It is a typical set of influent input data that you might use to simulate a change in influent loading over time.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The first column is labeled “t” for time, and is in the units of days “d.” </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The remaining columns contain data for each of the parameters being read from the file. The names at the head of each column are the “cryptic variable name” (which is the internal “short form” variable name within GPS-X calculations) for each variable. These names are specific to the layout you have created and are different for each variable and object within the layout. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Verify that the cryptic names</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">in the data file are the same as the variables for the input controllers. The simplest way to do this is to look at the tooltip that pops up when you hover the mouse cursor over the controller’s label as shown in</span> <b>Figure 6‑8</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="445" height="123" id="Picture 163" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image132.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 163" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref478742117"></a><a name= "_Ref536804033">Figure</a> 6‑8 – Viewing the Cryptic Name via Tooltip</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The cryptic variable names for the four variables used in this tutorial are:</span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;line-height:125%'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'line-height:125%;font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">qconwwinf</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'line-height:125%;font-family:"Times",serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">–</span> <span lang="EN-US" style='line-height:125%' xml:lang="EN-US">influent flow</span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;line-height:125%'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'line-height:125%;font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">codconwwinf</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'line-height:125%;font-family:"Times",serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">–</span> <span lang="EN-US" style='line-height:125%' xml:lang="EN-US">total COD</span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;line-height:125%'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'line-height:125%;font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">tknconwwinf</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'line-height:125%;font-family:"Times",serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">–</span> <span lang="EN-US" style='line-height:125%' xml:lang="EN-US">total TKN</span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:108.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">snhconwwinf</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Times",serif' xml:lang="EN-US">–</span> <span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">ammonia nitrogen</span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">If the variables you are interested in are not currently on an input controller, you can quickly find the cryptic variable name by using the GPS-X find functionality. You can access the find function by going to <i>Edit</i> > <i>Find</i></span>on the main tool bar or using CTRL-F.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">This will open the Find pop-up window. In the ‘Find Input/Output Variable’ pane of the find window there is an input box with a toggle for Keyword and Cryptic beneath it.</span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">If you need to find a cryptic variable name and you know part of its plain English variable name, type it in the entry field and select, for example ‘total COD’. Ensure the keyword option is selected and press find. This will find and display every variable in the model that contains the keywords ‘total COD’. The matching variables will be grouped by the object they are associated with. The stream associated with the variable will be given in front of the variable name.</span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" align="center" style= 'margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center; page-break-after:avoid'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="389" height="354" id="Picture 474" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image133.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 474" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑9 - Finding all Instances of total COD in the Model</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">If a variable is related to a stream number/name that you do not recognize, use the ‘Select label to highlight the process’ drop down menu in the ‘Find Stream Label’ pane to select the stream. This will highlight the object that the stream initiates from on the layout. For example, selecting the stream ‘mlss’ from the drop down menu will highlight the Aeration tank.</span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" align="center" style= 'margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center; page-break-after:avoid'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="513" height="160" id="Picture 34" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image134.png" alt="image" name="Picture 34" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑10 - Using the Find Stream Label Functionality to Identify where the mlss Stream Originates</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:21.05pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="66" style='width:49.6pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="18" height="18" id= "Picture 559" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image135.png" alt="image" name="Picture 559" /></span></p> </td> <td width="529" valign="top" style= 'width:396.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">After identifying the variable of interest under the <b>influent > Input Variables</b> headings you can click on the <b>Go to location</b> button to the right of the variable to be taken to the window where this variable is defined. Hovering the cursor over the variable name will cause a tooltip containing the cryptic variable name to appear.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span style='color:black'>Alternatively, if you are given a cryptic variable name by a GPS-X output, the correspondi</span>ng plain English variable name can be identified using the find functionality. For example, after opening the find window, select the cryptic option and enter the cryptic variable name <span style= 'font-family:"Courier New"'>codconwwinf</span> in the find field. Pressing the Find button will present you with input and output variable which have a cryptic name containing <span style= 'font-family: "Courier New"'>codconwwinf</span>.</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="623" valign="top" style= 'width:467.5pt;border:solid #70AD47 1.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Note that “wwinf” in the cryptic variable name above comes from the label for the influent stream (eg. if you had labeled the influent stream as “1”, the cryptic name for influent flow will show up as “qcon1”).</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">10.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Access the Configuration window.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> Click on the Scenario menu on the Simulation Toolbar and select <b><i>Scenario > Configuration/Data Files… > Data Files</i></b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img width="204" height="193" id="Picture 300" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image136.jpg" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 300" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑11 - Accessing Scenario > Configuration/ Data Files…</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Access the list of current data files.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> The configuration window will show all the scenarios available (in this case it should just be the Base Model). Data files can be added to a specific scenario if desired by selecting it before pressing the <b>Data Files</b> button. Make sure Base Model is selected and press the <b>Data Files</b> button.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="305" height="348" id="Canvas 28" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image137.png" alt="image" name="Canvas 28" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑12 – Scenario Configuration showing Data Files button</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add the data file.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> The Data Files window shows all of the files that this scenario is currently using. At this point, there won’t be any files displayed. To add the Excel file prepared above, press the <b>Add</b> button and browse to the appropriate location and select the <b>tutorial-6-example-data.xls</b> file. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="291" height="303" id="Picture 62" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image138.png" alt="image" name="Picture 62" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑13 – Adding File to Scenario</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style= 'font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif'>12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Accept the changes and close the Scenario Configuration window</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Notice that the interactive slider for the inputs have automatically changed to file input controls</span> that cannot be directly edited. The values are now being read in from the file.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="center" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:center; text-indent:0cm'><img width= "431" height="146" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image139.jpg" alt= "image" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑14 – Controllers Changed to File Input</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">13.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run a 5-day simulation with Steady-State click ON.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> As the simulation proceeds, the values of the influent flow and concentration will change in the input controller. The model responds dynamically to the changing input, as shown in the increasing effluent solids.</span></p> <h4><a name="node10" id="node10"></a><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Method B: Using the GPS-X Data File Tool</span></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The above methodology is useful for simulations where data for many parameters are being read in simultaneously, and it is easy to assemble that data externally in a spreadsheet. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">There is another option that is useful for simple simulations where just one or two parameters are being read from a file, and you want to input those values directly into GPS-X. For this situation, you can use the Data File Tool.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create another Input Controller. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Right-click on an open spot in the layout background, and select <b><i>System > Input Parameters > Physical Environment Settings</i></b>. Drag <b>liquid temperature</b> to a new input tab (i.e. drop it in a blank area beside the current tab’s label). This will create a new slider controller on a new tab. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">15.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Rename the tab</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">to “Temperature”.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">16.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Access the Data File tool for this input. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Right-click on controller’s label (liquid temperature) and select the <b>Data File…</b> option. A new window will be displayed.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="383" height="126" id="Picture 91" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image140.png" alt="image" name="Picture 91" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑15 – Accessing Data File Tool</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">17.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Enter the data from</span></b> <b>Table 6‑1</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. Select a cell in the table and type the value. Using the tab key, you can move to the next cell.</span></p> <p class="MsoCaption" style='page-break-after:avoid'><a name= "_Ref21089168">Table</a> 6‑1 - Data for Liquid Temperature Controller</p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTable15Grid4Accent1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="265" style= 'width:198.4pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="132" style= 'width:99.2pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right: none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>t [d]</span></p> </td> <td width="132" style= 'width:99.2pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>temp [C]</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="132" style= 'width:99.2pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>1</span></b></p> </td> <td width="132" style= 'width:99.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>17</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="132" style= 'width:99.2pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>2</b></p> </td> <td width="132" style= 'width:99.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 18</p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="132" style= 'width:99.2pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>3</span></b></p> </td> <td width="132" style= 'width:99.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>20</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="132" style= 'width:99.2pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>4</b></p> </td> <td width="132" style= 'width:99.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 22</p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="132" style= 'width:99.2pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>5</span></b></p> </td> <td width="132" style= 'width:99.2pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>24</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img width="330" height="233" id="Picture 92" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image141.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 92" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑16 – Data File Tool with Values</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">18.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the data by pressing Accept.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> You will be prompted to save the file. The default location is the same directory as the layout file and the default name is the layout’s name with the cryptic name of the variable concatenated to it. These defaults are usually appropriate, so click <b>Save</b> to save the file.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Notice that the interactive slider for the liquid temperature input has automatically changed into a file input control bar and is no longer able to be manually adjusted.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">19.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run a 5-day simulation with Steady-State clicked ON. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">As the model is simulated, the value of influent flow, concentrations and temperature will change in the input controller.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306107">Plotting Measured Data along with Simulated Results</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The previous section described the method for importing input data to the simulation file. In this section, the method for importing and displaying the measured output data onto a graph alongside simulated results will be introduced. This is convenient for comparing the measured value from a plant with the simulated results given in GPS-X. It also makes it easier to calibrate and optimize the process (see</span> <a href= "start.htm#_Parameter_Optimization"><b><span style= 'color:windowtext;text-decoration: none'>Tutorial</span></b></a> <b>10</b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">for details regarding optimization).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><a name= "_Ref531295"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">20.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a spreadsheet file with example measured data. </span></b></a> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The table below is an example of the observed total suspended solids data for the final effluent from our example plant. Create a data file with this information and save it in the same directory as the layout file.</span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Table 6‑2 – Measured Data</p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTable15Grid4Accent1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="302" style= 'width:8.0cm;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="151" style= 'width:4.0cm;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right: none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New";color:white'>t</span></p> </td> <td width="151" style= 'width:4.0cm;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left:none; background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New";color:white'>xfe1</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="151" style= 'width:4.0cm;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>d</span></p> </td> <td width="151" style= 'width:4.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>mg/L</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="151" style= 'width:4.0cm;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New"'>0</span></p> </td> <td width="151" style= 'width:4.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New"'>12</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="151" style= 'width:4.0cm;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>1</span></p> </td> <td width="151" style= 'width:4.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>11.8</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="151" style= 'width:4.0cm;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New"'>2</span></p> </td> <td width="151" style= 'width:4.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New"'>13.7</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="151" style= 'width:4.0cm;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>3</span></p> </td> <td width="151" style= 'width:4.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>18</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="151" style= 'width:4.0cm;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New"'>4</span></p> </td> <td width="151" style= 'width:4.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New"'>25</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="151" style= 'width:4.0cm;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>5</span></p> </td> <td width="151" style= 'width:4.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>28</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="154" height="180" id="Picture 11" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image142.png" alt= "A picture containing indoor, sky Description automatically generated" name="Picture 11" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑17 - Excel Spreadsheet with Values</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The cryptic variable name for the total suspended solids in the final effluent (xfe1) can be found by right-clicking on the output graph created in</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 2</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">and selecting <b>Output Graph Properties…</b> from the drop-down menu. Hold the mouse cursor over the variable label and a tooltip will appear with the <i>label/cryptic</i> information as shown in</span> <b>Figure 6‑18</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. This should correspond to the name on the first row of the spreadsheet file.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="487" height="270" id="Picture 481" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image143.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 481" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref478978256">Figure</a> 6‑18 – Tooltip showing Cryptic Variable Name</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>21.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add the data file.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> Following the same procedure as the last section where we added an input data file to the layout, access <b><i>Scenario > Configuration/Data Files… > Data Files</i></b> and add this new file to the layout.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>22.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run a 5-day simulation with Steady-State clicked ON.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The data points from the measured data is shown as diamond-shaped points on the graph, as shown in </span><b>Figure 6‑19</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "391" height="369" id="Canvas 27" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image144.png" alt="image" name="Canvas 27" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref19794119">Figure</a> 6‑19 – Graph showing Measured Data Points</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306108">Statistical Analysis of the Models Performance</a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'>A statistical analysis can then be conducted within GPS-X to test the model’s ability to reproduce the observed data. Statistical Analysis can only be preformed on X-Y timeseries output plots that have data points displayed on the plot.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>23.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b>Run a 5 Day Simulation</b>.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>24.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b>Open the Statistics Menu</b>. Right click anywhere on the graph and select the <b><i>statistics > [fe1] total suspended solids</i></b> option.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "477" height="426" id="Picture 32" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image145.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 32" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑20 – Accessing the Statistics Menu for Total Suspended Solids</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>25.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b>Select the Statistical Analysis</b>. The statistics option will provide you with a variety of Model Fit and Residual Analysis that can be conducted.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'>From the Model Fit Evaluation section of the menu, select:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:107.7pt'> <span style='font-family: Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Plot of simulated vs measured</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:107.7pt'> <span style='font-family: Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Table of goodness-of-fit residuals</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'>From the Residuals Analysis section under the plot against measured values heading, select:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:111.05pt'> <span style='font-family: Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Residuals</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'>Note: The measured data section of the statistical analysis allows you to specify the method in which the data has been collected. The Grab Data option assumes that the data represented on the plot was collected at that specific point in time. For more details on the measured data types available, refer to the <b><i>Technical Reference</i></b> manual.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "450" height="459" id="Picture 43" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image146.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 43" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑21 – Selecting the Statistical Analysis to be Preformed on the Model</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:53.85pt'>Note: For full details on the calculation of all the statistical analysis available in GPS-X, refer to the <b><i>Technical Reference</i></b> manual.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span style= 'font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>26.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b>Press Accept</b>. GPS-X will automatically produce the selected plots on the current output tab. Press the <b>Auto Arrange</b> button on the Output toolbar to view all of the plots.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'>Using the data presented in the output plots, you can judge the ability of your model to represent data collected from your plant. If you are not satisfied with the statistical analysis, further manipulation to influent advisor and your object settings may be required. You can use input controllers to fine tune your model within <b>Simulation Mode</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "584" height="414" id="Picture 44" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image147.png" alt= "A close up of a map Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 44" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑22 – Results of the Total Suspended Solids Statistical Analysis</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306109">Creating a Bar Chart for Steady-State Condition</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The measured data of distributions within a unit can also be plotted along with the simulated result as a bar chart. The methodology for doing so is similar to the previous section.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">27.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a new blank output tab</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by clicking on the <b>New Graph Tab</b> button on the output toolbar.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">28.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a new graph.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> For this example, we will use the variable for <b>readily degradable soluble substrate in reactors</b> within the plug-flow tank. Right-click on the plug-flow tank and select <b><i>Output Variables > Concentrations in Reactors</i></b> form and within the sub-heading <b>Organic Variables</b> select</span> the <b>More…</b> form<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Drag the “readily degradable soluble substrate in reactors” variable under the <b>Soluble Organic Compounds</b> sub-heading to the new tab area. Since it is an array of values, the default graph type is a bar chart.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:21.05pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="28" style='width:21.25pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:right; text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="17" height="19" id= "Picture 560" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image148.png" alt="image" name="Picture 560" /></span></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:23.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">29.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">To open the Data File organizer window, press the Data File button on the main toolbar in GPS-X.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">30.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">Press the</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">New</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">button to open the Data File Creation Wizard.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">31.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select Output Variables in the ‘Input or Output’ pane of the Data File Creation Wizard. Press <b>Next</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="424" height="280" id= "Picture 433" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image149.png" alt="image" name="Picture 433" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑23 - Select Output Variables in the Data File Creation Wizard</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">32.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select the Variables</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. All of the output variables that are currently on an output graph will be available to add to a data file.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Select the following variables:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:107.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt; line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">[mlss(1)] readily degradable soluble substrate in reactors</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:107.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt; line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">[mlss(2)] readily degradable soluble substrate in reactors</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:107.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt; line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">[mlss(3)] readily degradable soluble substrate in reactors</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:107.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt; line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">[mlss(4)] readily degradable soluble substrate in reactors</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Or simply select:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:107.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt; line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">[mlss] readily degradable soluble substrate in reactors</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Note the brackets containing numbers beside the cryptic variable name. This represents the reactor number within the aeration tank. The default number of reactors is four.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt;line-height:normal'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Press <b>Next</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal; page-break-after:avoid'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="508" height="291" id="Picture 434" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image150.png" alt="image" name="Picture 434" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑24 - Select the Output Variables to be Included in the Data File</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">33.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Press <b>Finish</b> to save the File. When prompted to open the new Excel sheet press <b>Yes</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="314" height="97" id= "Picture 435" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image151.png" alt= "A close up of a sign Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 435" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑25 - Output Variable Data File Created by Data File Creation Wizard</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">34.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Use the data in the table below to populate the Data File. Save the Excel Sheet.</span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Table 6‑3 – Measured Data for Aeration Tank</p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTable15Grid4Accent1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="461" style= 'border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="37" style= 'width:28.1pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right: none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New";color:white'>t</span></p> </td> <td width="106" style= 'width:79.35pt;border-top:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#4472C4; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-family:"Courier New";color:white'>sslmlss(1)</span></p> </td> <td width="106" style= 'width:79.35pt;border-top:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#4472C4; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-family:"Courier New";color:white'>sslmlss(2)</span></p> </td> <td width="106" style= 'width:79.35pt;border-top:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#4472C4; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-family:"Courier New";color:white'>sslmlss(3)</span></p> </td> <td width="106" style= 'width:79.35pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-family:"Courier New";color:white'>sslmlss(4)</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="37" style= 'width:28.1pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>d</span></p> </td> <td width="106" style= 'width:79.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>mgCOD/L</span></b></p> </td> <td width="106" style= 'width:79.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>mgCOD/L</span></b></p> </td> <td width="106" style= 'width:79.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>mgCOD/L</span></b></p> </td> <td width="106" style= 'width:79.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>mgCOD/L</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="37" style= 'width:28.1pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top:none; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='font-family:"Courier New"'>0</span></b></p> </td> <td width="106" style= 'width:79.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New"'>2.8</span></p> </td> <td width="106" style= 'width:79.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New"'>1.68</span></p> </td> <td width="106" style= 'width:79.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New"'>1.21</span></p> </td> <td width="106" style= 'width:79.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='font-family:"Courier New"'>0.88</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">35.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add the data file. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Following the same procedure as the previous section where we added an input data file to the layout, access <b><i>Scenario > Configuration / Data Files</i></b> and add this new file to the layout.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">36.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Autoscale the Bar Chart.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Press the <b>‘</b>Output Properties’ button on the Outputs toolbar and select the Autoscale feature for the Bar Chart.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="363" height="192" id="Canvas 96" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image152.png" alt="image" name="Canvas 96" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 6‑26 – Autoscale the Bar Chart</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">37.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run a 0-day simulation with Steady-State clicked ON.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The data from the Excel file should show up with the simulated result as a bar chart, as shown in</span> <b>Figure 6‑27</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Notice that the simulated result is shown as a colored bar chart and the measured data is shown as a meshed bar chart.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="390" height="367" id="Picture 101" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image153.png" alt="image" name="Picture 101" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref478983184">Figure</a> 6‑27 – Bar Chart showing Measured Data</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Clicking on a bar will display the measured data (in square brackets) followed by the simulated data value.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">38.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout.</span></b></p> </div> <b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang="EN-US"><br clear="all" style= 'page-break-before:always' /></span></b> <div class="WordSection9"> <h1><a name="_Ref532516"></a><a name="_Toc11240247"></a><a name= "_Toc11241087"></a><a name="_Toc11312783"></a><a name= "_Toc11671279"></a><a name="_Toc12285730"></a><a name= "_Toc13140298"></a><a name="_Toc13140445"></a><a name= "_Toc18942098"></a><a name="_Toc19619297"></a><a name= "_Toc21088925"></a><a name="_Toc21089466"></a><a name= "_Toc22306110"></a><span lang="EN-US" style='font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 7<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2><a name="_Toc22306111"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Using Automatic Controllers</span></a></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306112">Problem Statement</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Automatic process control is well established in many applications ranging from large refineries using multivariate model-based control to climate control of buildings using simple on/off control. Wastewater treatment plants are no exception. The implementation of even basic automatic control should improve performance and save money. In GPS-X, the user can simulate the effects of automatic process control.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">To improve and stabilize operation, as well as realize energy savings, you decide to implement MLSS and dissolved oxygen control. You will do this by incorporating MLSS and DO controllers into your system.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306113">Objectives</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">This tutorial will show you how to set up a dissolved oxygen controller that automatically changes the aeration rate to meet the dissolved oxygen set point.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">This tutorial also will show you how to set up an MLSS controller to automatically adjust the biosolids wastage rate to meet the specified MLSS set point. </span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306114"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Using an Automatic DO Controller</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open</span></b> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the layout completed in</span></b> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 2</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">and save it as</span> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">`<i>tutorial-7<b>’</b></i>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Check that the DO Controller is activated.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> By default, the aeration tank is set up to use a DO controller, but we will just confirm that it is selected. Within the Simulation mode for the Aeration Tank go to <b><i>Input Parameters > Operational</i></b> and in the Aeration Setup section, the <b>specify oxygen transfer by…</b> variable should be set to <b>Using a DO Controller</b>. If it isn’t, switch to modelling mode, change the value and come back to simulation mode.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="center" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:center; text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="532" height="325" id="Picture 482" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image154.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 482" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 7‑1 – Check that DO Controller is On</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create new input controls.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> On a new input tab, you will create sliders for two of the DO setpoints. The setpoints can be accessed from the aeration tank’s <b><i>Input Parameters > Operational</i></b> form under the Aeration Control section.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Click the ellipsis button (…) beside the DO setpoint label to access the individual array elements.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Drag the first and last DO setpoint array elements to the input control tab to create the sliders.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="433" height="78" id="Picture 172" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image155.png" alt="image" name="Picture 172" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 7‑2 – DO Setpoint Input Controllers</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a new output graph. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You will be adding the dissolved oxygen concentration in the first and fourth reactors of the plug-flow tank and the effluent ammonia nitrogen.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Right-click on the aeration tank and select the <b><i>Output Variables > Concentrations</i>. </b> Beside the <b>dissolved oxygen in reactors</b> label click the ellipsis button (…) to access the individual array elements. Drag the first and last elements to a new graph (both elements are to be contained in the same graph).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Right-click on the aeration tank’s <b>effluent stream</b> (not the tank itself). Select <b><i>Output Variables > Concentrations</i></b> and drag <b>ammonia nitrogen</b> (under the Nitrogen Compounds section) to the graph.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Edit the graph settings.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> Change the max value of the y-axis to 10 (the same as the DO setpoint slider limit) and give the graph a proper title.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Auto Arrange</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the graphs.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> 8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b><span style='line-height:115%'>Run some 20 day simulations</span></b>, varying the influent flowrate and the DO setpoints.</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306115">Using an Automatic MLSS Controller</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>Now we are going to add an MLSS controller to the layout <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">to automatically adjust the biosolids wastage rate to meet the specified MLSS set point. </span></p> <h4 style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><a name="node11" id= "node11"></a>Setting up an Automatic MLSS Controller</h4> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Modelling Mode.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">10.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Locate the control variable.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> This will be the MLSS in the aeration tanks’s effluent stream. We will need to discover the cryptic name (ie. the internal “short form” variable name within GPS-X calculations) of this variable so that we can identify this variable later.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Right-click on the aeration tank’s effluent stream (not the tank itself) and select <b><i>Output Variables > Concentrations</i></b>. You should see a form like</span> <b>Figure 7‑3</b><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. </span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Hover the mouse pointer over the label for <b>mixed liquor suspended solids</b> and a tooltip should appear. The tooltip has the form <i>label/cryptic.</i> From this, we can see that the cryptic name of the variable is <b>xmlss</b>. Remember this value for later.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Alternatively, you can right-click on the label for <b>mixed liquor suspended solids</b> and select “Copy Cryptic Name to Clipboard”. This will store <b>xmlss</b> on your computer’s clipboard so that you can paste it into a field later.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="412" height="351" id="Picture 483" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image156.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 483" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref479760292">Figure</a> 7‑3 – Viewing Cryptic Variable Name</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Identify the manipulated variable.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> The most logical variable for this is the wastage flowrate, which in this case, is the pumped flow from the clarifier.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Turn on the controller. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Access the clarifier's <b><i>Input Parameters > Operational</i></b> data entry form. You will be changing a couple of values in this dialog.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Under the <b>Pumped Flow</b> section, turn on the <b>controller</b> and set the <b>setpoint for control</b> <b>variable</b> to 2000.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-18.0pt'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="488" height="480" id="Picture 484" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image157.png" alt= "A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generated" name="Picture 484" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 7‑4 – Clarifier’s Operational Dialog (Pumped Flow)</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">13.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Define the control variable.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> At the bottom of the Pumped Flow section (see figure above), click the <b>More…</b> button to access the controller’s settings (</span><b>Figure 7‑5</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">). </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">replace <i>blank</i> with <i>xmlss</i> in the <b>control variable</b> field (use Ctrl-V to paste the cryptic name if you had previously saved it to the clipboard)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">enter 0.05 days as the <b>controller sampling time</b> (this represents the frequency with which the controller samples the control variable, or MLSS in this case)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">turn OFF the <b>controller effect on control variable - direct</b>. This means that the manipulated variable, the wastage flow rate, is increased to reduce the control variable, MLSS. (A different control loop such as air flow and DO concentration would require the <b>controller effect on control variable - direct</b> switch to be turned ON as an increase in the manipulated variable, air, would result in an increase in the control variable, DO). (ie. Turn OFF for an inverse relationship and turn ON for a proportional relationship)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">enter 200 m<sup>3</sup>/d as the <b>maximum pumped flow</b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="457" height="387" id="Picture 485" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image158.png" alt="image" name="Picture 485" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref479761390">Figure</a> 7‑5 – MLSS Controller Settings</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Accept</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the forms.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">15.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the Layout.</span></b></p> <h4 style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><a name="node12" id= "node12"></a>Tuning the Automatic MLSS Controller</h4> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">16.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Simulation Mode.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">17.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a new input tab.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You’ll be adding 5 input controllers to the tab. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">These settings can be found by going to the clarifier’s <b><i>Input Parameters > Operational > Pumped Flow main</i></b> form and within the <b>Pumped Flow More…</b> form.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">controller on/off</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">setpoint for control variable (set limits from 0 to 4000)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">proportional gain (set limits from 0 to 50)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">integral time (set limits from 0 to 10)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:107.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">derivative time (set limits from 0 to 10)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="438" height="170" id="Picture 486" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image159.jpg" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 486" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 7‑6 – MLSS Input Controls</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">18.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <a href= "start.htm#NewOutputGraphs"><b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'color:black;text-decoration: none' xml:lang="EN-US">Create a new graph</span></b></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b><span lang= "EN-US" style='color:black;text-decoration:none' xml:lang= "EN-US">.</span></b></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add the following three variables to the same graph:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the mixed liquor suspended solids (from the aeration tank’s effluent stream <b><i>Output Variables > Concentrations</i></b> form)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the influent flow (from the influent’s <b><i>Output Variables > Flow</i></b> form)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the wastage flow (from the clarifier’s pump stream <b><i>Output Variables > Flow</i></b> form)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">19.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Edit the graph properties</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Change the max values of the y-axis to 5000 (influent flow), 5000 (mlss), and 600 (wastage flow). </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Note that you may have to ‘unlock’ the max fields so that you can edit the values individually (click the lock icon beside the Max label).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Give the graph an appropriate title.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="391" height="223" id="Picture 183" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image160.png" alt="image" name="Picture 183" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 7‑7 – Graph Properties</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;line-height:125%'>20.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Create a scenario</b>. Call it “Sinusoidal” and change the influent flow type to sinusoidal and keeping the influent flow as the default 2000.0 m<sup>3</sup>/d (<b>Tutorial 3</b> <b>-</b> <b>Using Scenarios</b> for instructions if needed).</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;line-height:125%'>21.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Save the layout.</b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;line-height:125%'>22.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run a</span></b> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">10-day dynamic simulation</span></b> <span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">with sinusoidal scenario and the controller turned <b>ON.</b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt;line-height:125%'> <a name="_Hlk479770985">Initially, you will find that the manipulated variable, the wastage flow rate, oscillates wildly between its minimum and maximum values. This is a controller tuning problem</a>. It is usually possible to obtain reasonable controller performance by trial and error. In this example, one may conclude that the controller gain is too large. One option for tuning this controller by trial-and-error is as follows:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><a name= "_Hlk479771038"><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Start with a</span></a> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">low proportional gain (0.001), high integral time (10 days), and low derivative time (0 days). This creates a sluggish but stable controller.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><a name= "_Hlk479771100"><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Watch how the wastage rate changes to counteract the effect of a disturbance (e.g. influent flow rate)</span></a><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. If it does not react quickly enough, try increasing the proportional gain. Continue to increase the proportional gain until you get a reasonably responsive control effect, but still a stable response.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">If the wastage rate becomes unstable (wild oscillations) decrease the proportion gain.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">With the proportional effect stable, try decreasing the integral time to increase the performance of your controller.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">If there is too much overshoot, try increasing the derivative time</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">A simplified understanding of the three elements of a PID controller is: fast, persistent and predictive for the P, I and D terms respectively. Remember that automatic process control is not a simple subject and it may not be possible to achieve the level of control that you desire. Consider the process time constant of the MLSS in the aeration basin. It takes several days for a plant to reach a new steady-state given a change in wastage rate, while the plant upsets (changes in the influent flow rate) that can have a dramatic effect on the MLSS can occur in a matter of hours or even minutes.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">There are several published approaches for finding good initial tuning constants for PID controllers. One approach is to use the Ciancone correlations (<i>Marlin, 1995</i><a href="start.htm#_edn1" name="_ednref1" title= ""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span class= "MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang="EN-US">[i]</span></span></span></a>) which are included in GPS-X's PID tuning tool. The Ciancone correlations provide the tuning constants given the gain, time constant, and dead time of the process, under the assumption that the process dynamics may be represented with reasonable accuracy by a first-order plus dead time model. In GPS-X's PID tuning tool, the process response to a step change in the manipulated variable is fit to a first-order plus dead time model using least squares (in tuning mode). The Ciancone correlations are then used to determine the appropriate values for the tuning constants.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">23.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create another scenario</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Base it on the Sinusoidal scenario (so that it has the influent flow type from that scenario) and call it “Tuning”.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">24.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Activate the pumped flow control tuning mode.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Browse to the clarifier’s <b><i>Input Parameters > Operational</i></b> form. Click the <b>Pumped Flow</b> section’s <b>More</b> button and find the <b>Pumped Flow Control Tuning</b> section.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Turn the <b>tuning</b> switch <b>ON</b>. Also drag this variable to the input control tab so that it can be easily turned OFF in the future.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The <b>fractional step size</b> can be specified on that form and can be a positive or negative value. In this case, set the <b>fractional step size</b> to 0.5. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Accept</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">the <b>More</b> dialog to return to the <b>Operational</b> form.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Now (under the Pumped Flow section) turn the controller <b>OFF</b> and set the <b>pumped flow</b> value to 100 m<sup>3</sup>/d. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">This fractional step size corresponds to a step in pumped flow rate from 100 m <sup>3</sup> /d to 150 m <sup>3</sup>/d. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Accept</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">the Operational form.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">25.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Double-check that you have the right settings. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Select <b><i>Scenario > Show</i></b> from the Simulation Toolbar to see all of the variables that you have changed for this scenario. You should see a dialog similar to</span> <b>Figure 7‑8</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width= "479" height="289" id="Picture 487" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image161.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 487" /></span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Hlk483307024"></a><a name= "_Ref479773509">Figure</a> 7‑8 – Scenario Show Dialog</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">26.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">From the input controls tab, turn the MLSS controller ON and run a 0-day steady state simulation</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">with the newly created scenario. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">27.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Now, turn the MLSS controller <b>OFF</b> using the <b>ON-OFF</b> control switch<a href= "start.htm#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class= "MsoFootnoteReference"><span class= "MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang="EN-US">[4]</span></span></span></a> and <b>run a 10-day dynamic simulation.</b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span style= 'position:relative;z-index:-1895739392'><span style= 'left:0px;position: absolute;left:87px;top:-50630px;width:452px;height:1px'> <img width="452" height="1" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image162.png" alt= "image" /></span></span><img border="0" width="457" height="194" id="Picture 110" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image163.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 110" /><img border="0" width="457" height="85" id= "Picture 155" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image164.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 155" /><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"><img border="0" width="456" height="32" id="Picture 467" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image165.jpg" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 467" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 7‑9 - Input Controller Setting</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>The simulation performed in tuning mode is shown in <b>Figure 7‑10</b>. The essential characteristics of a successful tuning mode simulation are:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">It must be started under steady-state, with values of the manipulated (pumped flow) and controlled (MLSS) variables representative of normal operating conditions.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The simulation should last long enough to capture most of the process dynamics (i.e. the simulation should end at steady-state, or be approaching steady-state), and</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The step in the manipulated variable should be large enough to dominate other "noise" that affects the controlled variable (in this case the sinusoidal influent flow pattern).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "453" height="255" id="Picture 185" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image166.png" alt="image" name="Picture 185" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref531723">Figure</a> 7‑10 – Tuning Mode Simulation</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">At the end of the simulation, PID tuning constants will be calculated (this may take several seconds), and will appear in the <b>Command Window</b> (see</span> <b>Figure 7‑11</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">). </span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:-.25pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"><img border="0" width="23" height="23" id="Picture 561" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image050.png" alt="image" name="Picture 561" /></span></p> </td> <td width="586" valign="top" style= 'width:439.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:1.75pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The <b>Command</b> <b>Window</b> can be opened by selecting this option from the <b>Simulation Control</b> button on the <b>Simulation Toolbar</b>. Scroll to the bottom of the Command Window for the xmlss settings displayed in</span> <b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Figure 7‑11</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "362" height="135" id="Picture 68" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image167.png" alt="image" name="Picture 68" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref531850">Figure</a> 7‑11 – Calculated PID Tuning Constants</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">28.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create another scenario. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Base it on the Tuning scenario (so that it starts with all the variables from that scenario) and call it “MLSS Control”.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">29.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the input controller values. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">In the input control tab, set the proportional gain, integral time, and derivative time to the values shown in the Command Window. Also turn ON the MLSS controller and turn OFF the tuning mode.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:13.95pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"><img border="0" width="23" height="17" id="Picture 562" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image168.png" alt="image" name="Picture 562" /></span></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:23.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">30.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Transfer the controller values to the scenario.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> Press the “Transfer controls to scenario” button on the Controls toolbar and add the controller tuning constants to the scenario to store these settings.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "346" height="312" id="Picture 170" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image169.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 170" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 7‑12 – Transfer to Scenario</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">31.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">32.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run a 10-day simulation. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The results shown in</span> <b>Figure 7‑13</b> <span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">were performed using these tuning parameters for the MLSS controller. The MLSS setpoint was 2000 mg/l and the average influent flow rate was decreased to test the performance of the controller under dynamic conditions.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "512" height="288" id="Picture 188" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image170.png" alt="image" name="Picture 188" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref531955">Figure</a> 7‑13 – Simulation with MLSS Controller</p> </div> <b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#4472C4' xml:lang="EN-US"><br clear="all" style= 'page-break-before:always' /></span></b> <div class="WordSection10"> <h1><a name="_Ref11226589"></a><a name= "_Toc22306116"></a><span lang="EN-US" style='font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 8<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2><a name="_Toc22306117"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The Define Function</span></a></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306118">Problem Statement</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Some important operational variables in a wastewater treatment plant are site specific and difficult to generalize. These variables include sludge residence time (SRT) and food-to-microorganism ratio (F/M). In addition, other calculations, such as daily averages, moving averages, and mass flows are applied to most water quality parameters throughout the plant. Consequently, it is desirable for any wastewater treatment plant model to contain these traditional process variables, and GPS-X provides you with this capability</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306119">Objectives</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">This tutorial will show you how to define operational variables such as SRT. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">In addition, mathematical operations such as averaging and flux calculations will be demonstrated. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">These operations are centered around the <b>Define</b> function (<b>Tools > Define</b> menu or the <b>Define</b> button located on the main toolbar).</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306120">Setting up the Layout</a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a new layout</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">consisting of:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">A wastewater influent object,</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">a control splitter,</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">a plug-flow tank,</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">a rectangular secondary clarifier</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">a 2-flow combiner</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">a wastewater outfall</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Use the <i>mantis2lib</i> library and the default model selections (<b><i>codstates</i></b>influent model, the <b><i>mantis2</i></b> plug flow tank model and the <b><i>simple1d</i></b> rectangular clarifier model). </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Connect the unit processes and add the labels as</span> displayed in <b>Figure 8‑1</b>. The control-splitter unit process will be used to simulate a bypass weir.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="626" height="269" id="Picture 489" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image171.png" alt= "A close up of a device Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 489" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref478990629">Figure</a> 8‑1 – Tutorial 8 Layout</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Modify the clarifier underflow parameters. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Access the <b><i>Input Parameters > Operational</i></b> data entry form and change the following settings:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Turn <b>ON</b> the <b>proportional recycle</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Beside <b>stream label to which recycle is proportional</b> change “blank” to “wwinf” (ie. the influent stream to the aeration tank).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The <b>recycle fraction</b> is already 0.8 which is acceptable for this example.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="529" height="287" id="Picture 490" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image172.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 490" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 8‑2 – Modify Underflow Settings</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Modify the clarifier pumped flow. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">In the same data entry form (scroll down if necessary) change the <b>pumped flow</b> (which will be used as the wastage rate) from 40 m<sup>3</sup>/d to 100 m<sup>3</sup>/d. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="555" height="304" id="Picture 491" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image173.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 491" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 8‑3 – Modify Pumped Flow</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-align:justify; text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Accept</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">these changes and save the layout.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306121">Defining Mass Flows</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Now that the layout has been set up, we will define a mass flow variable of the effluent solids. This mass flow is defined as the effluent suspended solids multiplied by the effluent flow rate. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Access the Define Wizard</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Click on Define button on the main toolbar and select <b>Mass Flow</b> from the options.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="267" height="202" id="Picture 492" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image174.jpg" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 492" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 8‑4 – Mass Flow in the Define Wizard Submenu</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> 6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Select the streams</b> (as shown in <b>Figure 8‑5</b><b>)</b>:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:108.0pt'> <span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Control Splitter > bypass</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:108.0pt'> <span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Final Clarifier > fe</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:108.0pt'> <span style='font-family: Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> 2-flow Combiner > finaleff</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt; page-break-after:avoid'> 7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Select the variable</b>. As shown in <b>Figure 8‑5</b>, select <b><i>Composite Variables ></i> total suspended solids<i>.</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:center'><img border="0" width="515" height="406" id="Picture 219" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image175.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 219" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><a name= "_Ref9500006">Figure</a> 8‑5 – Define Mass Flow Wizard</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt; page-break-after:avoid'> 8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Press</b> <b>Accept</b> and then save the layout.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='page-break-after:avoid'>Now that the variable has been defined, we will set up a graph and run a simulation to view the results.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Simulation Mode</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">10.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <a href= "start.htm#NewOutputGraphs"><span style= 'color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Create a new graph</span></a><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. You will be adding three mass flow variables to this graph. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Right-click on the clarifier <i>fe</i> connection point and select the <b><i>Output Variables > Defined Variables > Mass Flow</i></b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "597" height="353" id="Picture 274" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image176.jpg" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 274" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 8‑6 - Accessing the Defined Variables</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Drag the <b>Mass Flow.total suspended solids</b> variable to an output graph. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Repeat this procedure for the <i>bypass</i> and the <i>finaleff</i> streams so that all three mass flows are displayed on the same output graph. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Modify the graph settings</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Set the max axis values on that graph to 1,000 <b>kg/d</b> and set the title to “Mass Flows”.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "518" height="279" id="Picture 24" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image177.png" alt="image" name="Picture 24" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 8‑7 - Mass Flow Graph Settings</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><a name= "_Ref532986"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span style='line-height:115%'>Create an input controller for the influent flow rate.</span></b></a> <span style= 'line-height:115%'>As described in</span> <b><span style= 'line-height:115%'>Tutorial 2</span></b><span style= 'line-height:115%'>set up the controller and s</span>et the maximum flow to 10,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">13.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Auto Arrange the graph and run a 20-day dynamic simulation.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Increase the influent flow rate</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">and notice that when the influent flow rate is above 2000 m<sup>3</sup>/d (the default pump flow rate for the <b>Control Splitter</b> object), some flow will begin to bypass the plant and show up in the bypass stream. An example is displayed in</span> <b>Figure 8‑8</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Note that your output graph will look different when compared to the figure below depending on the adjustments you make to the slider during the simulation run. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "374" height="348" id="Picture 192" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image178.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 192" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref532084">Figure</a> 8‑8 – Mass Flow Output Graph</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">15.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Try changing the bypass flow limit by increasing the pumped flow rate in the <b>Control Splitter</b> object. To prevent having to recompile the model, this must be done either by defining a scenario or by placing the bypass pump flow on an input controller. For instance, to create an input controller, right-click on the control splitter and go to <b><i>Input Parameters > Pumped Flow</i></b> and add pumped flow as an input controller.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">16.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Re-run the simulation</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">and try to reduce the total mass flow of solids discharged to the receiving water.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">17.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout.</span></b></p> <h3 style='margin-top:6.0pt'><a name="_Toc22306122">Defining an SRT</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">In this section, you will learn how to calculate and display SRT, the solids residence time in the system.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">18.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Modelling Mode.</span></b></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:6.85pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="57" style='width:42.55pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:right; text-indent:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="19" height="12" id= "Picture 563" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image179.png" alt="image" name="Picture 563" /></span></b></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:16.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">19.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Access the SRT Manager window</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Click on Define button on the main toolbar and select <b>Solids Retention Time</b> from the options.</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="57" style='width:42.55pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:right; text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="17" height="17" id= "Picture 564" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image180.png" alt="image" name="Picture 564" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:16.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">20.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a new SRT Variable.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click the green ‘+’ button and enter ‘tank’ as the name for the variable (Note: the full name will be ‘srttank’ because ‘srt’ is automatically prepended to all variable names).</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">21.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Access the SRT Manager window</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Click on Define button on the main toolbar and select <b>Solids Retention Time</b> from the options.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">22.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a new SRT Variable.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click the green ‘+’ button and enter ‘tank’ as the name for the variable (Note: the full name will be ‘srttank’ because ‘srt’ is automatically prepended to all variable names).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "462" height="401" id="Picture 100" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image181.png" alt="image" name="Picture 100" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 8‑9 – Create a New SRT Variable</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">23.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Accept the name.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> A new blank SRT equation will be shown on the right side of the window.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">24.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Define the equation.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">This process involves clicking on the appropriate locations on the drawing board while keeping the SRT Manager window open. You may have to move the SRT Manager window in order to access everywhere that you need.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'>There are two parts to the SRT equation: Mass()/Mass Flow()</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:-108.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> I.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> The numerator is the mass section of the equation, and it includes the mass of solids held in each tank. Typically, SRT calculations only include the mass of solids held in the aeration basin, but it is also possible to calculate SRT by summing the mass in the aeration basin and the final clarifier. While the SRT equation is shown, every time you click on a tank the mass of solids in that unit process will be included in the SRT calculation.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click the following processes to add them to the numerator:</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:77.75pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="47" style='width:35.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:right;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="32" height="32" id="Picture 565" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image182.gif" alt="image" name="Picture 565" /></span></p> </td> <td width="472" valign="top" style= 'width:354.35pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:22.75pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Aeration Tank (since this process represents several reactors, you will be prompted for which ones you’d like to include. Include all of them.)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:22.75pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Clarifier</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:-108.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> II.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang= "EN-US">T</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">he denominator part of the equation is the excess solids mass flow lines that are used to calculate SRT. This is done by pointing to the flow lines which convey solids out of the system. Typically, this will only include the waste flow.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click the following connection points to add them to the denominator:</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:70.65pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="47" style='width:35.45pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:right;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="32" height="32" id="Picture 566" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image183.gif" alt="image" name="Picture 566" /></span></p> </td> <td width="482" valign="top" style= 'width:361.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:29.8pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">was</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:29.8pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">fe</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The equation should now look like the following:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">Mass(mlss,fe)/Mass Flow(was,fe)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">However, for this example, we will not be including the clarifier’s mass in the calculation.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">25.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Remove the clarifier’s mass.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> Click on the clarifier again to remove it from the equation. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">Mass(mlss)/Mass Flow(was,fe)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">26.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Close the SRT Manager window</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">to accept the equation.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">27.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">28.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Simulation Mode.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">29.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a graph with the SRT variable.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> In Simulation Mode, when you open the SRT Manager from the Define menu, you can only view the SRT variables and their equations. You can also drag the variable’s label from this window to a new or existing graph. Drag the ‘srttank’ variable to a new graph.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Note: This will add two variables to the graph. The instantaneous and dynamic SRT. Depending on the need, one or the other can be removed. In our case, we’ll just leave both.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><b><img border="0" width="619" height="452" id="Canvas 104" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image184.png" alt="image" name="Canvas 104" /></b></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 8‑10 – Dragging SRT Variable to a Graph</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">30.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Modify the graph properties.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> Change the y-axis max value to 30 days and change the graph title to “SRT”.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">31.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">32.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Try running a few simulations,</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">observing the SRT as you change the amount of solids being wasted out of the system. Do this by adding an input controller for the [<b>was] pumped flow</b> from the secondary clarifier through right-clicking on the was output and going to <b><i>Input Parameters > Operational</i></b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "502" height="179" id="Picture 186" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image185.png" alt="image" name="Picture 186" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 8‑11 – Update Set of Input Controllers</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306123">Defining Averages</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The procedure for defining averages is similar to setting up mass flow calculations. In addition, averaging calculations can also be applied to a defined mass flow, SRT, or F/M ratio. Here, you will apply averaging calculations to the <b>Mass Flow</b> in the discharge stream defined above.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">33.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Modelling Mode.</span></b></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:13.95pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="47" style='width:35.45pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:right; text-indent:0cm'><b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="19" height="12" id= "Picture 567" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image179.png" alt="image" name="Picture 567" /></span></b></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:16.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">34.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Access the Define Wizard</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Click on Define button on the main toolbar and select <b>Daily Average</b> from the options.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">35.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b>Change the Variable type to “Define Variables.”</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><b>Select the desired variable(s).</b> In this case, we will only select <b><i>2-flow Combiner > finaleff > Mass Flow ></i> Mass Flow.total suspended solids</b>as shown in <b>Figure 8‑12</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "280" height="293" id="Picture 314" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image186.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 314" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref532283">Figure</a> 8‑12 – Define Daily Average Wizard</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;page-break-after:avoid'>36.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Press</b> <b>Accept</b> and then save the layout.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You have now set up a daily average calculation for the mass flow of suspended solids in the “<i>finaleff”</i> stream.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">37.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Define a moving average for the</span> Mass Flow.total suspended solids </b><b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">in the “<i>finaleff”</i></span></b> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">stream.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Use the same procedure as above except select Moving Average instead of Daily Average from the Define menu. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">38.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Press Accept</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">and then save the layout.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">39.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><b>Simulation Mode.</b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">40.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <a href= "start.htm#NewOutputGraphs"><span style= 'color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Create a new graph</span></a><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. You will be adding the new daily and moving averages variables to this graph. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Right-click on the combiner’s finaleff connection point and select the <b><i>Output Variables > Defined Variables > Daily Average</i></b> and drag the variable to a blank area to create the graph. Do the same with the <b><i>Moving Average</i></b> variable and add it to the same graph.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="623" valign="top" style= 'width:467.5pt;border:solid #70AD47 1.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:0cm;text-align:justify'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">NOTE: You will notice in the display form for the Moving Average variable that a number will appear to the right of the variable name. This number represents the number of days that are used in each moving average calculation. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:0cm;text-align:justify'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You must be in <b>Modelling</b> mode to edit this <b># of Days</b> value.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:0cm;text-align:center; page-break-after:avoid'> <span style='position:relative;z-index:251680768'><span style= 'left:0px;position:absolute;left:428px;top:-61897px;width:67px; height:1px'> <img width="67" height="1" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image187.png" alt= "image" /></span></span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"><img border="0" width="499" height="112" id="Picture 237" src="GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image188.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 237" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Figure</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">8</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">‑</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">13</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">– Moving Average # of Days</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">41.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <a href= "start.htm#NewOutputGraphs"><b><span style= 'color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Change the graph properties.</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;text-decoration: none'> </span></a> Set <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">a maximum limit of 1,000 kg/d for both variables.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">42.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run the model</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">and change the influent flow rate to observe the moving and daily averages. For example, running the model with the following controller settings provides the graph displayed in</span> <b>Figure 8‑14</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. Note that your output graph will look different depending on how the control slider for the influent flow is adjusted during the simulation.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" align="center" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'> <img border="0" width="366" height="340" id="Picture 218" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image189.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 218" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref532443">Figure</a> 8‑14 – Moving and Daily Averages Output Graph</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306124">Controlling SRT with Waste Pump Rate</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">When defining a SRT equation, you have the option to create a process controller for SRT. This controller will adjust the waste flow rate to achieve a given SRT set point. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">43.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Modelling Mode.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">44.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set the SRT controller</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Bring up the <b>SRT Manager</b> window. Select an SRT to control (for this example select</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">srttank</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">), and click on the <b>Estimate WAS using set SRT</b> option, as shown below.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "430" height="373" id="Picture 138" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image190.png" alt="image" name="Picture 138" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 8‑15 – Estimating WAS using set SRT</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">45.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Edit the settings.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> In this situation, we are just going to leave the values at their defaults, but in the settings section, you can choose the appropriate wastage flow to control and enter the desired SRT (in days) into the <b>SRT set point</b> field, as well as specify the min/max of the flow. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Only one SRT can be controlled at a time via this method. If multiple SRT controllers are required (e.g. for plants in parallel) then a <b>PID control loop</b> can be used in the pump control section of the secondary clarifier or a toolbox object. More information regarding PID controllers is presented in</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 7</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">46.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Simulation Mode</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">47.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create another input controller</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Open the SRT Manager again (in Simulation Mode) and drag the <b>SRT set point</b> to the input controller tab to create a slider for that variable. Edit the settings and change the max value to 30 days.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">At the same time, within the SRT Manager window drag the <b>Estimate WAS using set SRT</b> selection to the input controller tab to create an ON/OFF switch. If desired, this allows you to easily adjust this setting without having to open the SRT Manager in the Modelling mode. For the next steps, keep the <b>use set point SRT to estimate waste flow</b> to <b>ON</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">48.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create an output graph</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. To observe the required WAS flow rate while changing the SRT set point, we will create another graph (on the same tab as the SRT graph) that contains the WAS flow rate. It is accessed by clicking on the clarifier’s WAS connection point and selecting <b><i>Output Variables > Flow.</i></b> Edit the graph settings, give the graph an appropriate name and change the max value of the y-axis to 500 m<sup>3</sup>/d.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">49.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Try running simulations at various SRT point values</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">to observe required WAS flowrate to achieve the desired SRT. An example is shown below in</span> <b>Figure 8‑16</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Note that your output will look different depending on how the SRT set point controller is adjusted during the simulation.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:0cm; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span><img border="0" width="481" height="214" id="Picture 224" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image191.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 224" /></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" align="center" style= 'margin-left:0cm; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'> <img border="0" width="482" height="215" id="Picture 225" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image192.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 225" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref532643">Figure</a> 8‑16 – SRT and WAS Flow Output Graph</p> </div> <b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#4472C4' xml:lang="EN-US"><br clear="all" style= 'page-break-before:always' /></span></b> <div class="WordSection11"> <h1><a name="_Ref11226822"></a><a name="_Toc12285746"></a><a name= "_Toc13140314"></a><a name="_Toc13140461"></a><a name= "_Toc18942114"></a><a name="_Toc19619313"></a><a name= "_Toc21088941"></a><a name="_Toc21089482"></a><a name= "_Toc22306125"></a><span lang="EN-US" style='font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 9<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2><a name="_Toc22306126"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Sensitivity Analysis</span></a></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306127">Problem Statement</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">With any model, one of the first exercises to carry out is a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters. There are two reasons for doing so: <b><i>1) to validate the model results</i></b> and <b><i>2) to identify parameters to be adjusted during calibration</i></b>. The former reason should allow the modeler to develop some confidence in the model so that it behaves in an expected manner. For example, lowering the air flow rate to the aeration basin should result in a lower dissolved oxygen concentration. The latter reason for performing a sensitivity analysis, parameter identification, is useful because it helps determine the parameters that have the most impact on the model response. We do not want to adjust parameters during a calibration run that have little effect on the model behavior.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>After the model is calibrated and verified, sensitivity analyses are useful for other reasons. Mathematical models can be revealing, sometimes allowing us to explore operational strategies that might never have been contemplated otherwise. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>In this chapter, you will explore the steady-state and dynamic sensitivity of a basic model.</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306128">Objectives</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The purpose of this tutorial is to see how we can extract as much information as possible from a GPS-X model. By the end of this tutorial you should have developed a working knowledge of the <b>Analyze</b> functions. This includes setting up and running steady state, phase dynamic, and time dynamic sensitivity analyses. By completing this tutorial, you will also learn how to interpret the results from these simulations.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306129">Setting up the Layout</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The <b>Analyze</b> module is an optional feature of GPS-X. If you have not purchased this module, contact us for pricing information.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Because this feature requires multiple simulations, for demonstration purposes the work will be carried out on a simple model consisting of an influent, a completely-mixed tank, and a rectangular final clarifier.<a name="pgfId-1916" id= "pgfId-1916"></a> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> 1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a new layout.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> 2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select the <b>Comprehensive</b> <b>(mantis2lib)</b> from the <b>Library</b> menu (if it isn’t already selected) (see</span> <b>Figure 9‑1</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="396" height="167" id="Picture 21" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image193.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 21" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref481506174">Figure</a> 9‑1 – Select Library</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create the layout</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">as shown in</span> <b>Figure 9‑2</b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">with a <b><i>codstates</i></b> <b>Wastewaterinfluent</b> model, <b><i>mantis2</i></b> <b>Completely-Mixed Tank</b>(CSTR) model and <b><i>simple1d</i></b> <b>Rectangular Secondary Clarifier</b> model. These should be the default model settings. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">with the name </span><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">‘tutorial-9’</span><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="533" height="354" id="Picture 495" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image194.png" alt= "A close up of a device Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 495" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref479001895">Figure</a> 9‑2 – Tutorial 9 Layout</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306130">Setting up the Analysis Parameters</a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Simulation Mode.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:74.55pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a new scenario.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Call it ‘Sinusoidal’.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:74.55pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change influent parameters.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Access the influent’s process menu and change:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:110.55pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Flow > Flow Data ></span></i></b> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">flow type</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">parameter to Sinusoidal.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:110.55pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Flow > Flow Data ></span></i></b> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">influent flow</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">parameter to 5,000 m3/d.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:110.55pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Composition > Load Type Options ></span></i></b> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">loadtype </span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">parameter to Sinusoidal.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change CSTR parameters</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:110.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set <b><i>Input Parameters > Operational ></i></b> <b>specify oxygen transfer by</b> to Entering Airflow.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:110.7pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set the <b>air flow into aeration tank</b> to 15,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create input controls. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Place the influent flow and the air flow into aeration tank on an input control tab. They can be found in the following locations:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:110.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the <b>influent flow</b> variable can be found in the influent object <b><i>Flow >Flow Data</i></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:110.7pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the <b>air flow into aeration tank</b> can be found in the CSTR object <b><i>Input Parameters > Operational</i></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:74.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Put both parameters on the same input control tab, with limits of 2,000-10,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d for the <b>influent flow</b> and 10,000-40,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d for the <b>air flow</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">10.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create output graphs.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You will create four different graphs. One for each of:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:110.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">ammonia nitrogen (from the clarifier’s effluent stream’s (fe) <b><i>Output Variables > Concentrations</i></b> form)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:110.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">total carbonaceous BOD<sub>5</sub> (from the clarifier’s effluent stream’s <b><i>Output Variables > Concentrations</i></b> form)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:110.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">total nitrogen with soluble dintrogen gas (from the clarifier’s effluent stream’s <b><i>Output Variables > Concentrations</i></b> under the <b>Nitrogen Variables</b> heading select the <b><i>More…</i></b> form)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:110.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">dissolved oxygen (from the CSTR’s <b><i>Output Variables > Concentrations</i></b> form)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:74.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Use limits of 0-30 mgN/L for NH<sub>3</sub>-N, 0-200 mgO<sub>2</sub>/L for cBOD<sub>5</sub>, 0-100 mgN/L for total nitrogen and 0-5 mgO<sub>2</sub>/L for DO. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Auto arrange the graphs.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout.</span></b></p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc22306131">Steady-State Analysis</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You will now carry out a steady state sensitivity analysis of the air flow into the aeration tank on the dependent variables that you have selected for display (NH<sub>3</sub>-N, cBOD<sub>5</sub>, total nitrogen, DO).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:74.55pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">13.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></i> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set up the independent variable</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Open the settings window for the input controls and change:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the <b>Type</b> of controller for the <b>air flow into aeration tank</b> to “Analyze-Step”. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the <b>Delta</b> value to 500. This is the increment that the analyzer will step through from the min to max values.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <i><img border="0" width="608" height="183" id="Picture 74" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image195.png" alt="image" name="Picture 74" /></i></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 9‑3 – Setting up the Independent Variable</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:53.55pt'> <td width="56" style= 'width:42.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:53.55pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="19" height="19" id="Picture 568" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image196.png" alt="image" name="Picture 568" /></span></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:53.55pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:23.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Confirm the analysis type.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click the little arrow beside the Analyze button on the main toolbar (or access it through the main menu’s <b><i>Tools > Analyze</i></b>) and confirm that “Steady State” is selected.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="219" height="231" id= "Picture 281" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image197.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 281" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 9‑4 - Selecting Analysis Type</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">15.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b>Switch to Analyze Mode</b>. Click the Analyze button on the main toolbar (or access the Analyze Mode checkbox through the main menu’s <b><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tools > Analyze</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">) to turn on the analyzer. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:74.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The status bar at the bottom of the main window will indicate that you are in <b>Analyze Mode</b> and the graphs will change so that the independent variable is the x-axis instead of time.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="359" height="125" id="Picture 5" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image198.png" alt="image" name="Picture 5" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Toc478379624">Figure</a> 9‑5 – Status Bar showing “Analyze – Steady State” Mode</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">16.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run a steady state 0-day simulation</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Observe the effect of an increase in the air flow on DO and the effluent BOD<sub>5,</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> and total nitrogen. Typical results are shown in</span> <b>Figure 9‑6</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Note that an air flow of 40,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d results in a DO level over 2.0 gO<sub>2</sub>/m<sup>3</sup>. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Try the analysis using different influent flows.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="492" height="259" id="Picture 189" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image199.png" alt="image" name="Picture 189" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref481494873"></a><a name= "_Ref481494878">Figure</a> 9‑6 – Steady State Analysis Results</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306132">Time Dynamic Analysis</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You will now carry out a time dynamic sensitivity analysis of the air flow into the aeration tank on the dependent variables that you have selected for display (NH<sub>3</sub>-N, cBOD<sub>5</sub>, total nitrogen, DO).</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:21.05pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="19" height="19" id="Picture 569" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image196.png" alt="image" name="Picture 569" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:16.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">17.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the analysis type.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click the little arrow beside the Analyze button on the main toolbar (or access it through the main menu’s <b><i>Tools > Analyze</i></b>) and change the type to “Time Dynamic”.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="192" height="167" id="Picture 9" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image200.png" alt="image" name="Picture 9" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 9‑7 – Selecting Analysis Type</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">18.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b>Switch to Analyze Mode</b>. If you aren’t already in analyze mode (check on the status bar), click the Analyze button on the main toolbar (or access the Analyze Mode checkbox through the main menu’s <b><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tools > Analyze</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">) to turn on the analyzer. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:74.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The status bar at the bottom of the main window will indicate that you are in <b>Analyze – Time Dynamic</b> mode. The graphs will have time as the x-axis, just like in the regular simulation mode.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="322" height="96" id="Picture 10" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image201.png" alt="image" name="Picture 10" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 9‑8 – Status Bar showing “Analyze – Time Dynamic” Mode</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">19.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set the simulation time</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">to 1-day (with <b>Steady State</b> checked so that the initial conditions are at steady state) and <b>Start</b> the simulation. The results of this simulation are shown in</span> <b>Figure 9‑9</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="478" height="252" id="Picture 178" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image202.png" alt="image" name="Picture 178" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref481495998">Figure</a> 9‑9 – Example of Time Dynamic Analysis Results</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Each successive curve on the various graphs is the result of a dynamic simulation using a specific air flow into the aeration tank. Notice in</span> <b>Figure 9‑9</b> <span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">that for increasing values of air flow, the DO concentration in the aeration tank increases - it also fluctuates over time because of the sinusoidal influent flow and load patterns. You can change the number of run curves on the graph by going to <b><i>View > Preferences > Input/Output ></i> Number of runs displayed (analyze/optimize). </b></span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306133">Phase Dynamic Analysis</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You will now carry out a phase dynamic sensitivity analysis of the air flow into the aeration tank on the dependent variables that you have selected for display (NH3-N, cBOD5, total nitrogen, DO).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">20.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select Phase Dynamic</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">from the <b>Analyze</b> drop-down menu.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">21.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set the Simulation time to 1-day</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">(with <b>Steady State</b> checked so that the initial conditions are at steady state) and <b>Start</b> the simulation.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="479" height="253" id="Picture 181" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image203.png" alt="image" name="Picture 181" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref481496341">Figure</a> 9‑10 – Example of Phase Dynamic Analysis</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">This type of analysis allows you to run the same dynamic simulation as in the previous step. The only difference is in the graphical display. Here the results will be plotted against the analyze variable and not against time. The length of the simulations will set the phase. Typical results are shown in</span> <b>Figure 9‑10</b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">for a sinusoidal influent. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">In this case, the results are very similar to the <b>Steady State</b>analysis type since the simulation was not very dynamic. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The graph shows the DO concentration after 1.0 day for an air flow of 10,000 to 40,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d (as opposed to showing the steady-state value at time t=0 when carrying out the <b>Steady State</b> analysis.)</span></p> </div> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang="EN-US"><br clear="all" style= 'page-break-before:always' /></span> <div class="WordSection12"> <h1><a name="_Ref11226894"></a><a name= "_Toc22306134"></a><span lang="EN-US" style='font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 10<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2><a name="_Toc22306135"></a><a name= "_Parameter_Optimization"></a><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Parameter Optimization</span></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306136">Problem Statement</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Model calibration and verification is one of the most important components of any modeling project. Model calibration, also known as parameter estimation, is defined as the process of adjusting model parameters such that the difference between observed and simulated results is minimized. For example, if the difference between observed and simulated effluent suspended solids is too large, it is likely that you will want to adjust some of the model parameters.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">GPS-X provides a very convenient way of adjusting the model parameters, based on a non-linear dynamic multi-parameter optimization algorithm (Nelder-Mead simplex method).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">In this example, the estimation of two kinetic parameters (heterotrophic growth rate and half saturation constant) is carried out in order to fit the model-predicted soluble substrate concentration with the measured data. Although this is a simple example, using only a CSTR unit process, the procedure outlined below is the important subject.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306137">Objectives</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The purpose of this tutorial is to develop a basic understanding of parameter estimation using GPS-X. After this tutorial, you will be able to target variables that you are interested in fitting to the data, select the model variables to be adjusted and specify the form of the objective function. Other optimizer variables such as termination criteria and number of data points will be explained in this tutorial.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306138">Initial Manual Calibration</a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Start a new layout.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to the Carbon, Nitrogen (cnlib) library.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="624" height="187" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image204.jpg" alt= "image" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 10‑1 – Switch Library to cnlib</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Drop a single Completely-Mixed Tank on the drawing board</span></b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Confirm that the process model is <b><i>mantis</i></b>. The stream labels will be left at their defaults (should be the numbers 1 to 4).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="122" height="66" id="Picture 421" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image205.png" alt= "A picture containing clock Description automatically generated" name="Picture 421" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 10‑2 – Simple Layout for Optimization</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:71.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set the tank’s initial conditions.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> For this example, we will just access <i><b>Initial Conditions > Initial Concentrations</b></i> and change <b>initial readily degradable substrate</b> to 200 mgCOD/L.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the tank’s parameters</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:110.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set <b><i>Input Parameters > Operational ></i></b> <b>specify oxygen transfer by</b> to <b>Entering Airflow</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:110.7pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set the <b>air flow into aeration tank</b> to 40,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:13.95pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:right; text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="15" height="23" id= "Picture 570" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image206.png" alt="image" name="Picture 570" /></span></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:23.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the simulation setup parameters. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Open the Site Properties window by clicking on the button in the upper left corner of the drawing board. Open the</span> <i><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%' xml:lang="EN-US">Simulation Setup</span></i> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">tab.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:89.7pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>Change the <b>stopping time</b> to 0.25 days, and the <b>communication interval</b> to 0.01 days.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:89.7pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="540" height="144" id="Picture 445" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image207.png" alt= "A screenshot of a social media post Description automatically generated" name="Picture 445" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 10‑3 – Changing Simulation Setup</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">with the name</span> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">‘tutorial-10’</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Simulation Mode.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a graph. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add <b>readily degradable soluble substrate</b> (from <b><i>Output Variables > Concentrations > Organic Variables > More…</i></b>) on a graph and change the limits to 0-300 mgCOD/L.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">10.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run a 0.25-day simulation</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">(make sure <b>Steady State</b> is <b><u>NOT</u></b> checked). Your output should match that of the graph in</span> <b>Figure 10‑4</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align: center;text-indent:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'> <img border="0" width="231" height="298" id="Picture 193" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image208.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 193" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><a name= "_Ref21685348">Figure</a> 10‑4 – Readily Biodegradable Substrate Output Graph</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You will now optimize two kinetic parameters in order to obtain the best fit between effluent soluble substrate data and simulation results.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create input controls.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Place the following parameters (found in the tank’s <b><i>Input Parameters > Kinetic</i></b>) on an input control tab:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">heterotrophic maximum specific growth rate</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:107.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">readily biodegradable substrate half saturation coefficient</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set limits of 0.5-5 d<sup>-1</sup> for the growth rate, and 0.5-10 mg COD/L for the half saturation coefficient.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add observed data file</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Create a spreadsheet file with the example data listed in</span> <b>Table 10‑1</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Save it in the same directory as your layout file, then add it to that layout. If you need a reminder of the process, see</span> <b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 6</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:107%'> <b><span style= 'line-height:107%;color:#4472C4'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref10019866">Table</a> 10‑1 – Example Data for Optimization</p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTable15Grid4Accent1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="319" style= 'width:239.5pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt; border-right:none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:white'> t</span></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:white'> ss2</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> d</span></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> mgCOD/L</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>0.00</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>213.5401</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 0.01</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 209.4151</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>0.02</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>197.8075</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 0.03</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 187.389</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>0.04</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>172.1104</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 0.05</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 185.44</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>0.06</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>178.8617</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 0.07</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 148.0012</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>0.08</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>152.297</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 0.09</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 142.1657</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>0.10</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>120.4514</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 0.11</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 117.4068</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>0.12</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>120.551</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 0.13</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 95.89756</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>0.14</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>84.38476</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 0.15</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 79.90364</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>0.16</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>73.47583</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 0.17</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 47.58231</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>0.18</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>39.27833</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 0.19</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 28.0756</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>0.20</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>16.67731</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 0.21</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 4.3656</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>0.22</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>0.624523</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 0.23</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 1.157525</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>0.24</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>0.985331</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:12.75pt'> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 0.25</span></b></p> </td> <td width="160" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" style= 'width:119.75pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:12.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'> <span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'> 1.235542</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">13.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='color:black' xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Re-run the simulation.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> Manually change the growth rate and half saturation parameters with the goal of minimizing the difference between the simulated and measured data.</span> <b>Figure 10‑5</b> <span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">displays the initial graphical output prior to making manual changes to the growth rate and half saturation parameters.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'> <img border="0" width="238" height="308" id="Picture 194" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image209.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 194" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><a name= "_Ref21685495">Figure</a> 10‑5 – Readily Biodegradable Substrate Output Graph with Example Data</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306139">Automatic Calibration Using the Optimizer</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">After manually calibrating the model in the previous section (i.e. adjusting the <b>heterotrophic maximum specific growth rate</b> and <b>readily biodegradable substrate half saturation coefficient</b>parameters using the sliders and re-running the simulation<i>),</i> you will now set up the automatic parameter optimization tool to perform a search routine to find the best set of parameter values to fit the prediction to the measured data.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:34.4pt'> <td width="519" valign="top" style= 'width:389.0pt;border:solid #70AD47 1.5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:34.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:0cm;text-align:justify'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">NOTE</span></b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">: It is always advisable to carry out a manual calibration first to determine the effects of parameters on the simulated response before carrying out an optimization.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">15.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Modelling Mode.</span></b></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:13.95pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:right; text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="19" height="19" id= "Picture 572" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image210.png" alt="image" name="Picture 572" /></span></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:23.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">16.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click on the <b>Optimize</b> button on the top toolbar and select <b>Optimize Setup</b>. This will display the Optimizer Setup Wizard.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="549" height="311" id= "Picture 449" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image211.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 449" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 10‑6 – Optimize Setup Wizard (Target Variables)</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">17.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select the Target Variable</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. In this case, it is the <b>readily biodegradable substrate</b> in the reactor. It can be found under:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><b><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Completely-Mixed Tank(2) > 2 > State Variables > Organic Variables</span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">18.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click Next</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">to proceed to the next stage.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">19.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select the Optimize Variables.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> These are the input parameters being adjusted during the fitting exercise. Select the following variables:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:107.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">heterotrophic maximum specific growth rate</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:108.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">readily biodegradable substrate half saturation coefficient</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">These can be found under:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><b><i><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Completely-Mixed Tank(2) > Kinetic > Active Heterotrophic Biomass</span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="563" height="283" id= "Picture 455" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image212.png" alt= "A screenshot of a social media post Description automatically generated" name="Picture 455" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 10‑7 – Optimize Setup Wizard (Optimize Variables)</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">20.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click Next</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">to proceed to the next stage.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">21.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Specify Optimizer Settings</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. The last step in the process is to specify which kind of optimization we are doing. We will use <b>Fit to Data</b>, <b>Time Series</b>, and <b>Maximum Likelihood</b>. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="423" height="294" id= "Picture 456" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image213.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 456" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 10‑8 – Optimize Setup Wizard (Optimizer Settings)</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">We can also use the “Add Data File…” button here to add data if needed, but we have already specified our data file earlier (step</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">12</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">) so we don’t need to do it again here. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">22.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click <b>Finish</b> to complete the set up. Switch to Simulation mode.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Note that a new Input panel has been created with our two Optimize parameters already set to optimize mode. The target variable is also now plotted on a new graph. (These two actions may leave you with tabs with nothing in them. Feel free to delete them).</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:21.05pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:right; text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="21" height="21" id= "Picture 573" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image214.png" alt="image" name="Picture 573" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:16.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">23.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Enter Optimization Mode</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press the</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Optimize</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">button on the main toolbar and select</span> <b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Optimize Mode</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. When optimize mode is active, the optimize icon on the main toolbar will change to display a green checkmark.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">24.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">25.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Start the simulation.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> GPS-X will automatically perform a number of simulations in a row, adjusting the values of the two optimize parameters each time to get a better fit to the observed data. Once the simulator has determined that no better fit can be achieved, it will stop. This should only take a few seconds.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">At each optimization iteration, GPS-X plots the simulation results (i.e. predicted values) that correspond to the current parameter values. It retains the 7 most recent simulations on the graph. You can change the number of run curves on the graph by going to <b><i>View > Preferences > Input/Output ></i> Number of runs displayed (analyze/optimize).</b> The simulation results are shown by a <b><u>black line</u></b> and the data are shown by <b><span style= 'color: red'>red markers</span></b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>Note that the initial parameter values used in the optimization are the default values found in GPS-X. <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The <b>Solution Report</b>, accessed in the <b>Command Window</b>, includes the final parameter values and the results of the statistical tests.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">A plot of the fitted model and the measured data is shown below.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "368" height="312" id="Picture 55" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image215.png" alt="image" name="Picture 55" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 10‑9 – Results of Optimization<br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <h1><a name="_Ref11226975"></a><a name="_Toc12285762"></a><a name= "_Toc13140330"></a><a name="_Toc13140477"></a><a name= "_Toc18942130"></a><a name="_Toc19619329"></a><a name= "_Toc21088957"></a><a name="_Toc21089498"></a><a name= "_Toc10724755"></a><a name="_Toc10725424"></a><a name= "_Toc11162549"></a><a name="_Toc11240278"></a><a name= "_Toc11241118"></a><a name="_Toc11312814"></a><a name= "_Toc11671310"></a><a name="_Toc12285763"></a><a name= "_Toc13140331"></a><a name="_Toc13140478"></a><a name= "_Toc18942131"></a><a name="_Toc19619330"></a><a name= "_Toc21088958"></a><a name="_Toc21089499"></a><a name= "_Toc10724756"></a><a name="_Toc10725425"></a><a name= "_Toc11162550"></a><a name="_Toc11240279"></a><a name= "_Toc11241119"></a><a name="_Toc11312815"></a><a name= "_Toc11671311"></a><a name="_Toc12285764"></a><a name= "_Toc13140332"></a><a name="_Toc13140479"></a><a name= "_Toc18942132"></a><a name="_Toc19619331"></a><a name= "_Toc21088959"></a><a name="_Toc21089500"></a><a name= "_Toc22306140"></a><span lang="EN-US" style='font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 11<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2><a name="_Toc22306141"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Basic Customization</span></a></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306142"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Problem Statement</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">No wastewater treatment plant modeling/simulation tool can be general enough to automatically handle ALL conceivable plant layouts or desired variables. So, GPS-X facilitates model layout customization. This is an advanced feature of GPS- X and requires a basic understanding of ACSL, the simulation language upon which GPS-X is based. The potential of the tool will be demonstrated using the following simple example.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">In this tutorial, you will add two equations to calculate the specific oxygen uptake rate (<i>SOUR</i>) for the first stage of a plug-flow tank. One of the equations will assume an ideal oxygen uptake rate (<i>OUR</i>) measurement and the second will simulate measurement <i>noise</i> on the oxygen uptake rate measurement. This variable is often used for toxicity detection and in process control strategies.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306143">Objectives</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">This tutorial is designed to introduce you to the steps required to input your own code for a specific plant layout. You will learn how to set up the GPS-X interface, allowing you to input and output these customized variables as if they were part of the original layout.<br clear="all" style= 'page-break-before:always' /></span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306144">Setting Up the Layout</a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open</span></b> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the layout completed in</span></b> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 1</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">and save it as</span> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">`<i>tutorial-11</i>’</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="556" height="270" id="Picture 498" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image216.png" alt= "A close up of a device Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 498" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 11‑1 – Tutorial 11 Layout</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:90.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Modelling Mode.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:90.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the influent’s parameters</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:110.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set <b><i>Flow > Flow Data ></i></b> <b>flow type</b> to <b>Sinusoidal</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:90.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the tank’s parameters</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:110.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set <b><i>Input Parameters > Operational ></i></b> <b>specify oxygen transfer by…</b> to <b>Entering Airflow</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:110.7pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set the <b>total</b> <b>air flow into aeration tank</b> to 30,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:90.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:90.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Simulation Mode.</span></b><a name="Step4Tut2" id="Step4Tut2"></a></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a new graph. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You will add the flow and a variable from the first reactor of the plug flow tank to the same graph.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:126.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">add <b>flow</b> from the influent’s <b><i>Output Variables > Flow</i></b> form</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:125.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">add <b>actual oxygen uptake rate</b> from the first reactor. This is accessed through <b><i>Output Variables > Internal Variables</i></b>. Click the ellipsis button beside the variable to access the individual elements and drag the first element to the graph.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="535" height="404" id="Canvas 14" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image217.png" alt="image" name="Canvas 14" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 11‑2 – Accessing Individual Reactor Variables</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set the graph properties.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> In the Output Graph Properties window, set:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:126.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the <b>flow</b> limits to 0-10,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:125.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the <b>OUR</b> limits to 250-1,500 mgO<sub>2</sub>/L/d</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:89.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Note: You may have to ‘unlock’ the min/max fields to edit them separately.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:89.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:89.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">10.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run a 10-day dynamic simulation</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">(with the steady-state box checked) to ensure that the model is correctly set up. You should be able to produce a graph similar to</span> <b>Figure 11‑3</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="385" height="333" id="Picture 76" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image218.png" alt="image" name="Picture 76" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref479233948">Figure</a> 11‑3 – Example Graph from Dynamic Simulation</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:90.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Modelling Mode.</span></b></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306145"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Adding Custom Macros</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:89.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'>12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the macros user file. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">This is done</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by choosing <b><i>Layout > General Data > User Files > Macros</i></b> from the main menu.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "606" height="219" id="Picture 284" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image219.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 284" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 11‑4 - Accessing the Macro User File</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">In this file, which is generated when you save the layout for the first time, there are several sections separated by asterisks. They correspond to the different sections of the ACSL program structure. In this example, you will add new code to the <b>DERIVATIVE SECTION</b> as shown below.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="486" height="305" id="Picture 71" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image220.png" alt="image" name="Picture 71" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 11‑5 – Adding Code to Derivative Section</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 13.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Add the following code to the</b> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">DERIVATIVE SECTION:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>!1000 = conversion of VSS from mg/L to g/L units</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>GAUSS(noise=mean,stdev)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>ourwithnoise = ourlmlss(1) + noise</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>sourone = ourlmlss(1)/vsslmlss(1)*1000</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:12.0pt; margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>sourtwo = ourwithnoise/vsslmlss(1)*1000</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The line starting with an exclamation mark is just a comment. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The other four lines create new variables (<i>noise, ourwithnoise, sourone, sourtwo</i>) and calculate values for them.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:89.85pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The variable <i>noise</i> makes use of an ACSL command,</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">GAUSS</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">to simulate measurement noise.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:89.85pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">There are two existing variables used in the calculation (<i>ourlmlss(1), vsslmlss(1)</i>). These are the cryptic names of <b>actual oxygen uptake rate</b> and <b>mixed liquor volatile suspended solids in reactor</b>, respectively, from the <b>first</b> reactor in the plug flow tank. Remember that you can view these cryptic names by hovering over the variables label and viewing the tooltip (see</span> <b>Figure 11‑6</b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="409" height="296" id="Picture 72" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image221.png" alt="image" name="Picture 72" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref479237289">Figure</a> 11‑6 – Viewing Cryptic Names</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:89.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click <b>Accept</b> in the <b>Macros</b> dialog to save the changes.</span></p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" width="506" style= 'width:379.25pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:50.75pt'> <td width="506" valign="top" style= 'width:379.25pt;border:solid #00B050 2.25pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:50.75pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">NOTE: This custom code is saved in a file called</span> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">‘tutorial-11.usr’</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">in the same directory as the layouts folder of your GPS-X V8.0 installation file directory. You can open and edit that file in an external text editor if you would prefer instead of using the GPS-X code editor.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306146"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Adding Custom Input Variables</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 15.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add user-defined input variables.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">This is done</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by choosing <b><i>Layout > General Data > User Files > Constants…</i></b> from the main menu. This file allows you to set up the input variables on the same type of input forms as the other GPS-X variables.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 16.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Modify the code to read:</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>!MENU ITEM:!Noise Variables</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>!HEADER:!Noise Variables</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>constant mean = 0.0 !average measurement noise !gO2/(m3.d)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:12.0pt; margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>constant stdev = 50.0 !measurement noise standard deviation !gO2/(m3.d)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'>The MENU ITEM and HEADER lines set up the menus and groupings of the variables.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'>The lines that start with the keyword <em>constant</em> signify that this variable is an ACSL constant. This keyword is followed by the cryptic name, value, label and unit (with the appropriate delimiters shown above).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="384" height="188" id="Picture 86" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image222.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 86" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 11‑7 – Adding User-Defined Inputs</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:89.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">17.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click <b>Accept</b> in the <b>Constants</b> dialog to save the changes. You will be prompted to reload your GPS-X layout.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:89.85pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:46.25pt'> <td width="483" valign="top" style= 'width:362.6pt;border:solid #00B050 2.25pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:46.25pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">NOTE: This custom code is saved in a file called</span> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">‘tutorial-11.con’</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">in the same directory as your layout. You can open and edit that file in an external text editor if you would prefer instead of using the GPS-X code editor.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:89.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">18.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout and reload (close and reopen the file)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. This will cause GPS-X to read in your user-defined constants and create the menus associated with them. You will notice that there is now a menu item <b><i>Layout > General Data > User > Input Parameters > Noise Variables.</i></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "624" height="124" id="Picture 309" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image223.jpg" alt= "A screenshot of a social media post Description automatically generated" name="Picture 309" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 11‑8 - New User-Defined Input Parameters</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306147">Adding Custom Output Variables</a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 19.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add user-defined output variables. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">This is done</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">by choosing <b><i>Layout > General Data > User Files > Output Variables</i></b> from the main menu. This file allows you to set up the output variables on the same type of output forms as the other GPS-X variables.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-align:justify'>20.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Modify the code to read:</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>!MENU ITEM:!Uptake Variables</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>!HEADER:!Uptake Variables</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>display ourwithnoise !OUR with noise !gO2/(m3.d)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>display sourone !SOUR without noise !mgO2/(gVSS.d)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>display sourtwo !SOUR with noise !mgO2/(gVSS.d)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>!MENU ITEM: !Noise Variables</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>!HEADER: !Noise Variables</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>display noise !measurement noise !gO2/(m3.d)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:90.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>display mean !average measurement noise !gO2/(m3.d)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:12.0pt; margin-left:89.85pt;text-align:justify'> <span style= 'font-size:8.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"'>display stdev !measurement noise standard deviation !gO2/(m3.d)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'>The difference between the input variable file and this output variable file is that the keyword is ‘display’ instead of ‘constant’ and a value is not given for the output variables (because it will be calculated by the model).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="385" height="259" id="Picture 99" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image224.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 99" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 11‑9 – Adding User-Defined Outputs</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:89.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">21.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click <b>Accept</b> in the <b>Outputs</b> dialog to save the changes. You will be prompted to reload your GPS-X layout.</span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:89.85pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:43.95pt'> <td width="483" valign="top" style= 'width:362.6pt;border:solid #00B050 2.25pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:43.95pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:0cm;text-align:justify'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">NOTE: This custom code is saved in a file called</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">‘tutorial-11.var’</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">in the same directory as your layout. You can open and edit that file in an external text editor if you would prefer instead of using the GPS-X code editor.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:89.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">22.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout and reload</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. This will cause GPS-X to read in your user-defined constants and create the menus associated with them. You will notice that there are now two new menu items under <b><i>Layout > General Data > User > Output Variables</i></b> as displayed in</span> <b>Figure 11‑10</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="579" height="124" id="Picture 500" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image225.jpg" alt= "A screenshot of a social media post Description automatically generated" name="Picture 500" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9514370">Figure</a> 11‑10 – New User-Defined Output Parameters</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306148">Setting Up Simulations with Custom Variables</a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 23.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Switch to Simulation Mode.</b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:90.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">24.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create input controllers. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Place the 2 new input variables on sliders on the controls tab. These variables can be found in <b><i>Layout > General Data > User > Input Parameters > Noise Variables</i></b>. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">25.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the controllers’ settings.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:126.0pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">For the <b>average measurement noise</b>, set the limits from 0 to 100.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:126.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">For the <b>measurement noise standard deviation</b>, set the limits from 0 to 100.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:90.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">26.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b>Create a new graph</b>. Place the 2 new SOUR variables (<b>SOUR without noise</b> and <b>Sour with noise</b>) on a graph. These variables can be found in <b><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Layout > General Data > User > Output Variables > Uptake Variables</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. </span> Set the limits from 0 to 1000.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:90.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">27.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b>Add variable to existing graph.</b> Place the <b><i>OUR</i> with noise</b> variable on the existing graph that we created earlier in this tutorial (i.e. with flow and actual OUR). Set the limits from 250 to 1,500.</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306149"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Running Simulations</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:90.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">28.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Auto arrange</span></b> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the graphs and</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><b>run a 10-day dynamic simulation</b> with the steady-state box checked. You should produce a graph similar to</span> <b>Figure 11‑11</b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">29.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Vary the noise parameters with the Input Control</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">windows and observe the impact on the output<b>.</b> Try running several simulations using different settings.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "571" height="275" id="Picture 79" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image226.png" alt="image" name="Picture 79" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref533314">Figure</a> 11‑11 – Simulation Results with Noise</p> </div> <b><span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#4472C4'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span></b> <div class="WordSection13"> <h1><a name="_Ref11227071"></a><a name="_Toc21088970"></a><a name= "_Toc21089511"></a><a name="_Toc21088971"></a><a name= "_Toc21089512"></a><a name="_Toc22306150"></a><span lang="EN-US" style='font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 12<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2><a name="_Toc22306151"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Dynamic Parameter Estimator (DPE)</span></a></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306152">Problem Statement</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">With many of the dynamic models used in GPS-X most of the model parameters are assumed to be constant over the entire calibration period. For example, the clarifier's flocculent zone settling parameter is normally set to one specific value for the entire simulation. One reason for doing so is that it is difficult to determine or identify the changes in this parameter over time since it is difficult to measure on-line. The best the modeler can do is assume that the parameter doesn't change over the simulation period, and therefore use only one value to fit the target or measured data.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">A more rigorous approach, however, might be to try to fit the measured data by varying the parameter over the simulation period. This has two advantages: a better agreement between the model and data, and an indicator of the dynamic response of the parameter. Of course, this technique assumes that the measured data is relatively free of error.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306153">Objectives</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">After completing this tutorial, you should be able to set up and run the dynamic parameter estimator (DPE). The GPS-X <i>Advanced Tools</i> module is required to complete this tutorial.</span></p> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang="EN-US"><br clear="all" style= 'page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306154">Setting Up the Layout</a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Load the starting point layout.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> We’ve already set up a layout with the appropriate data files, controllers, and output graphs. You can find it by going to <b><i>File > Sample Layouts > Tutorials> Tutorial 12 (Starting Point)</i>.</b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="338" height="228" id= "Picture 379" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image227.png" alt= "A close up of a device Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 379" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 12‑1 - Layout used in Tutorial 12</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">as a different name in your own directory. We are going to be making some changes and we’d like to leave the starting point layout as is.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Simulation Mode</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run a 4-day dynamic simulation</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">with the steady-state box checked.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:54.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The graph of the primary effluent TSS shows a reasonable fit with the real measured data but there is considerable room for improvement. These results are shown in</span> <b>Figure 12‑2</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="290" height="219" id="Picture 58" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image228.png" alt="image" name="Picture 58" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref479674071">Figure</a> 12‑2 – Primary Effluent TSS</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306155">Setting Up the DPE</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">At this point, it is desirable to improve the fit between the primary effluent TSS and the data by optimizing the flocculent zone settling parameter as it varies with time.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Modelling Mode.</span></b></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:21.05pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" align="right" style= 'margin-left:0cm;text-align:right; text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="19" height="19" id= "Picture 574" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image210.png" alt="image" name="Picture 574" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:16.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the <b>Optimize</b> menu on the top toolbar and select <b>Optimize Setup</b>. This will display the Optimizer Setup Wizard.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="572" height="407" id= "Picture 374" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image229.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 374" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 12‑3 - Optimize Setup Wizard (Target Variables)</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select the Target Variable</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. In this case, it is the <b>total suspended solids</b> in the reactor. It can be found under:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><b><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">PRIMARY(pe) > pe > Composite Variables > Composite Variables</span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click Next</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">to proceed to the next stage.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select the Optimize Variable.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> In this case, it is the <b>flocculant zone settling parameter</b> in the reactor. It can be found under:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><b><i><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">PRIMARY(pe) > Settling > Double Exponential Parameters</span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="619" height="390" id= "Picture 375" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image230.png" alt= "A screenshot of a social media post Description automatically generated" name="Picture 375" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 12‑4 - Optimize Setup Wizard (Optimize Variables)</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">10.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click Next</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">to proceed to the next stage.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Specify Optimizer Settings</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. The last step in the process is to specify which kind of optimization we are doing. We will use <b>Fit to Data</b>, <b>DPE</b>, and <b>Absolute Difference</b>. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="515" height="362" id= "Picture 377" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image231.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 377" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 12‑5 - Optimize Setup Wizard (Optimizer Settings)</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">We can also use the “Add Data File…” button here to add data if needed, but we have already specified our data file so we don’t need to do it again here. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click <b>Finish</b> to complete the set up. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">13.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Simulation Mode</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Note that a new input panel has been created with our optimize variable already set to the optimize type. The target variable has also been plotted on a new graph.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Enter Optimization Mode</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Open the <b>Optimize</b> menu on the top toolbar and select <b>Optimize</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">15.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the limits of the optimize variable. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Edit the settings and change the min/max to 0.0001 and 0.005 respectively.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><img border="0" width="520" height="126" id="Picture 80" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image232.png" alt="image" name="Picture 80" /></b></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 12‑6 – Optimize Parameter Limits</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">16.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">17.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run the simulation.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> The results are shown in</span> <b>Figure 12‑7</b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">and </span><b>Figure 12‑8</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="399" height="390" id="Picture 231" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image233.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 231" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref479684202">Figure</a> 12‑7 – DPE Results</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="427" height="418" id="Picture 230" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image234.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 230" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref479684206">Figure</a> 12‑8 – Flocculent Parameter</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Try repeating the simulation with a shorter time window or tighter convergence criteria. These settings have been set up as input control sliders on the “DPE Settings” tab.</span></p> </div> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang="EN-US"><br clear="all" style= 'page-break-before:always' /></span> <div class="WordSection14"> <h1><a name="_Ref11227116"></a><a name= "_Toc22306156"></a><span lang="EN-US" style='font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 13<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2><a name="_Toc22306157"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Monte Carlo Analysis</span></a></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306158">Problem Statement</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">When developing a plant model, we may wish to not only explore what loads a plant will fail under, but the frequency with which these failures might occur. While linear analysis can tell us at which points the plant will fail, Monte Carlo analysis allows us to determine the frequency with which the plant will fail.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Monte Carlo analysis is also useful in exploring plant performance under different design assumptions. For example, when designing a plant, you need to choose a value for the autotrophic maximum specific growth rate and the alpha factors for your reactors. Neither of these values can be fully known in advance, however we can approximate the range in which these values will fall. We may know that the alpha factor for the waste water will fall somewhere between 0.4 and 0.7 and that the probability of it being any particular number inside this range is uniform. By assigning probabilities to the range of values we can use Monte Carlo analyses to not only investigate the plant’s performance over the range but the probability of the observed performance characteristics.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306159">Objectives</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The purpose of this tutorial is to develop a basic understanding of Monte Carlo analysis in GPS-X. Upon completion of this tutorial you will be able to carry out Monte Carlo analysis of model variables. In this tutorial, we will be looking into how the dissolved oxygen in the tank reactor and free and ionized ammonia</span> in the plant effluent are affected by various alpha factors and autotrophic maximum specific growth rates.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The GPS-X <i>Advanced Tools</i> module is required to complete this tutorial.</span></p> <b><i><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:16.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;font-variant:small-caps' xml:lang="EN-US"><br clear="all" style= 'page-break-before:always' /></span></i></b> <h3><a name="_Toc22306160">Setting Up the Layout</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The <b>Analyze</b> module is an optional feature of GPS-X. If you have not purchased this module, contact us for pricing information.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Because this feature requires multiple simulations, for demonstration purposes the work will be carried out on a simple model consisting of a <b>Wastewater Influent</b>, a <b>Completely-Mixed Tank,</b> and a <b>Rectangular Secondary Clarifier</b>. <b>Start a new layout.</b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select the <b>Comprehensive</b> <b>(mantis2lib)</b> from the <b>Library</b> menu (if it isn’t already selected) (see</span> <b>Figure 13‑1</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "396" height="167" id="Picture 494" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image193.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 494" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9603177">Figure</a> 13‑1 - Select Library</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create the layout</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">as shown in</span> <b>Figure 13‑2</b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">with a <b><i>codstates</i></b>influent model, <b><i>mantis2</i></b> CSTR model and <b><i>simple1d</i></b>clarifier model. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">with the name </span><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">‘tutorial-13</span><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="485" height="252" id= "Picture 358" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image235.png" alt= "A close up of a device Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 358" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref19794162">Figure</a> 13‑2 - Tutorial 13 Layout</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:13.95pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoCaption" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="16" height="27" id="Picture 575" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image236.png" alt="image" name="Picture 575" /></span></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:23.1pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Simulate cold winter conditions. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Access the <b>Plant Wide Properties</b> by pressing the button in the upper left corner of the drawing board. Change the <b>liquid temperature</b> to 10°C.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change CSTR parameters</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:110.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set <b><i>Input Parameters > Operational ></i></b> <b>specify oxygen transfer by</b> to <b>Entering Airflow</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:110.7pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set the <b>air flow into aeration tank</b> to 15,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the clarifier parameters</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:110.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Set <b><i>Input Parameters > Operational ></i></b> <b>pumped flow</b> to 70 m<sup>3</sup>/d.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Simulation Mode.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">10.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create input controls. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">From the CSTR object, drag the following parameter to a new input control tab:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:110.7pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">maximum growth rate</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><b>for ammonia oxidizer</b> from <b><i>Input Parameters > Kinetic (Ammonia-Oxidizing Biomass section)</i></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:110.7pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">maximum growth rate</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><b>for nitrite oxidizer</b> from <b><i>Input Parameters > Kinetic (Nitrite-Oxidizing Biomass section)</i></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:110.7pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">alpha factor (fine bubble)</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">from <b><i>Input Parameters > Operational</i> <i>(Diffused Aeration section’s ‘More’ button)</i></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Edit the controller settings.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> Open the properties window and change the <b>maximum growth rate for ammonia oxidizer</b> settings to:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:110.55pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">a min/max of 0.5 and 1.2, respectively</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:110.55pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the controller type to “Analyze – Monte Carlo”. Notice that a button icon appeared beside the <b>Type</b> box. This allows you access to the Distribution settings.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:110.55pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">edit the Distribution settings and change the <b>Type</b> to Normal, the mean to 0.9, and the standard deviation to 0.1.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><img border="0" width="576" height="296" id="Canvas 63" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image237.png" alt="image" name="Canvas 63" /></b></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 13‑3 – Monte Carlo Controller Settings</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:74.7pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Similarly, for the <b>maximum growth rate for nitrite oxidizer</b>, change the min/max to 0.5 and 1.2 and change the type to “Analyze – Monte Carlo”. Also change the distribution to Normal but, in this case, change the mean to 1.0 and the standard deviation to 0.1.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:74.7pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">This allows the two parameters to vary about the default model settings.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:74.7pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">For the alpha factor, set the min/max to 0.4 and 0.7 and the controller type to “Analyze – Monte Carlo”. Leave the distribution as Uniform.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create another input control. </span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">We will also want to vary the number of Monte Carlo runs, so we’ll create another input controller for the <b>number of runs</b>. That variable can be found from the main menu in:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><b><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Layout > General Data > System > Input Parameters > Simulation Tool Settings</span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">We will now set up separate output graphs of our input (to see the input distributions that were generated) and output (which will tell us how well the plant performed).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <i><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">13.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></i> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create graphs of our input variables</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Note that these are the output variables representing the input parameters. You can’t drag the input parameter itself to a graph.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:92.7pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create an output tab labeled “Input Distributions” and add the following parameters to their own separate graphs:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:110.7pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">maximum growth rate for ammonia oxidizer</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">from the CSTR’s <b><i>Output Variables > Input Parameters > Kinetic (Ammonia-Oxidizing Biomass header)</i></b> menu. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:110.7pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">maximum growth rate for nitrite oxidizer</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">from the CSTR’s <b><i>Output Variables > Input Parameters > Kinetic (Nitrite-Oxidizing Biomass header)</i></b> menu. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:110.7pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">alpha factor (fine bubble)</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">from <b><i>Output Variables > Input Parameters > Operational</i> <i>(Diffused Aeration section’s ‘More’ button, Diffused Air header)</i></b> menu</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create graphs of our output variables</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:74.55pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create an output tab labeled “Output Distribution” and add the following parameters to their own separate graphs (from the CSTR’s <b><i>Output Variables > Concentrations</i></b> form):</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:108.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">dissolved oxygen,</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:108.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">ammonia nitrogen,</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:108.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">nitrite</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:107.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">nitrate</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">15.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Edit the graphs’ settings. </span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:74.7pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">For all of the graphs on both tabs, change:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:110.7pt;text-indent:-17.85pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the graph type to Probabilistic (Monte Carlo)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:110.7pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">select Autoscale for both the x and y axes</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:74.7pt;text-indent:0cm'>This graph type will plot a histogram of our Monte Carlo results.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:center'><b><img border="0" width= "496" height="355" id="Picture 81" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image238.png" alt="image" name="Picture 81" /></b></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 13‑4 – Monte Carlo Graph Properties</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:74.7pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">In addition, for the <b>dissolved oxygen</b> and <b>ammonia nitrogen</b> graphs, set:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:110.7pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the number of bins to 20 (to see the distribution at a higher resolution)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:92.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the target values to < 3.0 for ammonia nitrogen and >2.0 for dissolved oxygen (you can change the sign of the <, > symbol by left-clicking on the icon)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">16.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the layout.</span></b></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306161"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Selecting Analyze Mode</span></a></h3> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:6.85pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="47" style='width:35.45pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="19" height="19" id="Picture 577" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image196.png" alt="image" name="Picture 577" /></span></p> </td> <td width="567" valign="top" style= 'width:425.2pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:23.1pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang= "EN-US">17.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Select the Monte Carlo analysis type.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click the little arrow beside the Analyze button on the main toolbar (or access it through the main menu’s <b><i>Tools > Analyze</i></b>) and select “Monte Carlo”.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "216" height="227" id="Picture 361" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image239.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 361" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 13‑5 - Selecting Analysis Type</p> <p class="MsoCaption"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><b>Switch to Analyze Mode</b>. Click the Analyze button on the main toolbar (or access the Analyze Mode checkbox through the main menu’s <b><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tools > Analyze</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">) to turn on the analyzer. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:74.7pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The status bar at the bottom right of the main window will indicate that you are in <b>Analyze Mode</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="262" height="67" id= "Picture 365" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image240.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 365" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 13‑6 - Status Bar showing “Analyze – Monte Carlo” Mode</p> <h3><a name="_Ref4157503"></a><a name="_Toc22306162"><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Running Simulations</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">18.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b>Run the simulation</b>. <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The simulations will run one after another, while collecting the output of the model for post-simulation analysis. You can follow the progress of the simulations on the Input tab, as the red indicator on the three input parameters progresses through the required simulations (1000 of them, by default). </span> <b><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Note that it may take several minutes for the simulations to complete, depending on the speed of your computer</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:0cm;text-align:center; page-break-after:avoid'> <b><i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width= "577" height="101" id="Picture 368" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image241.png" alt= "A picture containing screenshot Description automatically generated" name="Picture 368" /></span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 13‑7 - Tracking the Progression of the Simulations</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:74.7pt;text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">When the simulations are completed you should see the distribution of input parameters for the alpha constant and the two growth rates. The growth rates should follow a normal distribution, whereas the alpha factor should have a uniform (flat) distribution. Note that the distribution of actual values used may not quite fit the expected distribution shape. This is due to only running 1000 simulations – it would be more representative of the desired distribution with larger numbers of simulations.</span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><img border="0" width="427" height="194" id= "Picture 232" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image242.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 232" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 13‑8 – Input Parameter Distributions</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The graphs on the <b>Output Distributions</b> tab shows the performance of the plant under the varying model input. The effluent ammonia graph illustrates that the plant is nitrifying most of the time. The target line shows that the plant effluent ammonia is equal to or less than the target 3.0 mgN/L in 88.6% of the simulations. Note that in the Monte Carlo analysis you may receive slightly different solutions but the % value recorded on the graph should be within the range of 85% to 90%.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="282" height="255" id="Picture 233" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image243.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 233" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 13‑9 – Output Distribution Results showing Target<span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><br /> <br /></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif' xml:lang="EN-US">19.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b>Rerun the simulation.</b> However, this time use <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">a larger aeration capacity.</span> <a name= "_Toc479321942"></a>Create a new scenario, and try increasing the aeration tank volume and/or the airflow to the system. How much larger does it have to be to have 95% of the simulations with effluent ammonia at 3.0 mgN/L or less?</p> </div> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang="EN-US"><br clear="all" style= 'page-break-before:always' /></span> <div class="WordSection15"> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h1><a name="_Ref19710685"></a><a name= "_Toc22306163"></a><span style='font-weight:normal'>Tutorial 14<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> </h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2><a name="_Toc22306164">GPS-X with Python - Introduction</a></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306165">Problem Statement</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>No software package can be created generally enough such that it can automatically handle every user’s exact display and interfacing needs. To offer the user with the greatest degree of customizability, Python has been fully integrated into GPS-X. Through integrating Python in GPS-X, advanced users have the ability to customize how they use GPS-X, from creating unique visuals to the automation of data collection. The use of this feature requires the user to be familiar with the Python programming language. Some basics of the Python language will be highlighted throughout the following tutorials, but they are not meant as a comprehensive guide for using Python. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>In this tutorial, you will begin by familiarizing yourself with how Python is implemented in GPS-X and how Python can be customized. You <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">will then learn how Python can be used to directly manipulate variables in a GPS-X simulation.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The GPS-X <i>Advanced Tools</i> module is required to complete this tutorial.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306166">Objectives</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>After completing this tutorial, you should be able to create Python scripts that can run and manipulate GPS-X simulations.</p> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang="EN-US"><br clear="all" style= 'page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm;line-height:107%'> <b><i><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:16.0pt; line-height:107%;font-variant:small-caps' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></i></b></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306167"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">GPS-X and Python - Basics</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">Open the Layout created in Tutorial 1</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">and save it as</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">`<i>tutorial-14</i>’</span> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after: avoid'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width= "616" height="327" id="Picture 313" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image244.png" alt="image" name="Picture 313" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 14‑1 – Tutorial 14 Layout</p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">Switch to Simulation Mode</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">, if it is not already selected.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">Open Python Script Manager</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. Python’s functionality within GPS-X is managed through the <b>Python Script Manager</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after: avoid'><img border="0" width= "176" height="185" id="Picture 318" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image245.jpg" alt="image" name="Picture 318" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 14‑2 – Accessing the Python Script Manager</p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">Create a New Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. Pressing the new button will prompt you to create a new Python script. By default, the script will be saved in the same directory as the layout with the same name as the layout. Save the script using the default settings.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after: avoid'> </p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after: avoid'><span style= 'font-size:8.0pt'><img border="0" width="368" height="352" id= "Picture 419" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image246.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 419" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 14‑3 - Creating a New Python Script in GPS-X</p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">Edit the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. With “tutorial-14.py” selected, which is indicated by the file name being highlighted in a dark blue color, press the <b>Edit</b> button.</span> <span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">By default, this will open the Python script in Notepad using Python version 3.7.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:35.2pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="23" height="23" id="Picture 17" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image050.png" alt="image" name="Picture 17" /></span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> </td> <td width="539" valign="top" style= 'width:403.95pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:2.0pt;text-indent:0cm; line-height:normal'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">These default settings can be changed by pressing the <b>Python Settings</b> button. GPS-X comes with versions 2.7 and 3.7 of Python in the install and you can easily toggle between these versions from this menu. You can also specify other versions of Python on your machine that you would like GPS-X to use by selecting the other option in the <b>Python Settings</b> menu and specifying both the version number and the pathway of the Python instance. The default text editor can also be changed from this menu if desired.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after: avoid'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black' xml:lang="EN-US"><img border= "0" width="460" height="369" id="Picture 301" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image247.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 301" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 14‑4 - Python Settings Menu</p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">Every Python script generated by GPS-X will be initially populated with 4 GPS-X recognized functions. An unedited Python Script generated by GPS-X can be seen in</span> <b>Figure 14‑5</b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. The functions that GPS-X predefines in the script are:</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:90.15pt;text-indent:-90.15pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US"><span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> i.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">start</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">– This function is called a single time at the start of a simulation.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:90.15pt;text-indent:-90.15pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US"><span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> ii.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">cint</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">– This function is called at each communication interval that occurs in the simulation.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:90.15pt;text-indent:-90.15pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US"><span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> iii.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">eor</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">- This function is called a single time at the end of a GPS-X simulation.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:90.15pt;text-indent:-90.15pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US"><span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> iv.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">runSim</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">– This function starts the GPS-X simulation within the Python script. A simulation will begin each time this function is called within the script.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after: avoid'><img border="0" width= "422" height="389" id="Picture 133" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image248.png" alt= "A screenshot of a social media post Description automatically generated" name="Picture 133" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9607793">Figure</a> 14‑5 – Python Script Generated by GPS-X</p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">As a means to familiarize yourself with how the Python interfaces within GPS-X, we will begin with a Hello World example:</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">In the start() function, replace the pass command with:</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:54.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:center'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">print(“Hello”)</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">In the cint() function, replace the pass command with:</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:center'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">print(“ “)</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:center'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">Finally, in the eor() function, add the following line after the finished = True statement:</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:center'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">print(“World”)</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">The updated script can be seen in </span><b>Figure 14‑6</b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:center; page-break-after:avoid'> <img border="0" width="432" height="412" id="Picture 257" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image249.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 257" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><a name= "_Ref10015534">Figure</a> 14‑6 - Sample Python Script</p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">Save the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. After making changes to the script in Notepad, the file must be saved in Notepad before it can be run in GPS-X. This is done by selecting <b><i>File > Save</i></b> from the main toolbar in Notepad.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding= "0" style= 'margin-left:21.05pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="38" style='width:1.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="right" style='text-align:right'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="21" height="21" id="Picture 579" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image250.png" alt="image" name="Picture 579" /></span></p> </td> <td width="557" valign="top" style= 'width:418.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:16.1pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">Run the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. Return to the Python Script Manager. The “tutorial-14.py” script will currently be the only script available in the Python Script Manager, so it will be selected by default. Press the <b>Run Script</b> button to run the selected Python script within GPS-X. The Python Script manager will then run your Python script.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after: avoid'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width= "315" height="301" id="Picture 513" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image251.png" alt="image" name="Picture 513" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 14‑7 - The Python Script Manager Running a Python Script</p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:12.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">10.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span style= 'font-size:11.0pt'>The results</span> <span style= 'font-size:11.0pt'>of the script appear in the Output pane of the Python Script Manager, which can be accessed by pressing the Output button. The results of the simulation can be seen in</span> <b>Figure 14‑8</b><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>. “Hello” is the first output in the output pane and it appears only a single time. The output “Hello” appears first because the start function is called immediately when a simulation begins. The start function is not called again during the simulation, so “Hello” will only appears a single time. Likewise, “World” only appears a single time at the end of the output due to the eor function only being called once at the end of the simulation.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:11.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:11.0pt'>In the output, it can be seen that the cint function is called twice during the simulation, creating the two blank lines between “Hello” and “World”. The cint function is called at every communication interval in the simulation which includes both the initiation of the simulation after the start function (t = 0.0) and when the simulation terminates prior to calling the eor function. Due to the stop time in this simulation being set to 0.0 days, cint will only be called at the initiation and termination of the Python script, causing two instances of “ “ to appear in the output.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:11.0pt'> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after: avoid'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width= "329" height="504" id="Picture 275" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image252.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 275" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref10015615">Figure</a> 14‑8 - Results of Running the Python Script</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306168"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">GPS-X and Python – Basic Simulation</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">Now that a you have an understanding of how Python scripts are used to communicate with GPS-X, we will move to an example that is more focused on how we can use Python to manipulate the variables within GPS-X.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">Save a New Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. We have created a Python script for you to use during this portion of the tutorial. Locate and open the “<b>tutorial-14-COD-Manipulation.py</b>” Python script file located in the following subdirectory of the GPS-X instillation directory:</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-left:49.6pt;text-align:center; text-indent:18.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">\layouts\08tutorials\</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:49.6pt;text-indent:18.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the script in the directory where the GPS-X file is currently saved.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">Open the Python Script Manager</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">13.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">Add the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. When using an existing Python script, it must be added to the Python Script Manager before you can run it in GPS-X. Press the <b>Add</b> button.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after: avoid'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width= "344" height="526" id="Picture 276" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image253.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 276" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 14‑9 - Adding an Existing Script to the Python Script Manager</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'>Pressing <b>Add</b> will open the current working directory and show all Python files currently saved in the directory. Select the “<b>tutorial-14-COD-Manipulation.py</b>” file and Open it to add it to the Python Script Manager.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "428" height="305" id="Picture 285" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image254.png" alt="image" name="Picture 285" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 14‑10 - Adding the tutorial-14-COD-Manipulation File to the Python Script Manager</p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">Edit the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. Select the “<b>tutorial-14-COD-Manipulation.py</b>” script and press <b>Edit</b>. This will open the script in Notepad. We will now examine the important components of the Python script:</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><b><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">The start function can be seen in</span> <b>Figure 14‑11</b><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. The start function in this script is used to display the initial value of some GPS-X variables of interest. Python is then used to directly change the value of these variables in GPS-X. This is done using predefined commands that are recognized by GPS-X. The GPS-X recognized commands in the start function include:</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">gpsx.getValue</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. This function is used to get the value currently assigned to a variable in GPS-X for manipulation in Python. To use the getValue function, you must enter the cryptic name of the of the GPS-X variable in the parenthesis as a string.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">gpsx.setValue</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. This function is used to assign new values to GPS-X variables directly through Python. To use this function, you must first enter the cryptic name of the GPS-X variable in the parenthesis as a string. The new value you would like to assign to the variable is then entered. Ensure that the appropriate Python variable type is used in this function.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">Note: If you would like to toggle an ON/OFF switch in GPS-X, you must use the <b>gpsx.setValue</b> and assign it a value of 0.0 for OFF and a value of 1.0 for ON.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:108.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">gpsx.setTstop</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. This function is used to change the stop time of the current simulation. To use this function, simply enter the new stop time you would like in the parenthesis</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after: avoid'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width= "423" height="452" id="Picture 287" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image255.png" alt="image" name="Picture 287" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9851413">Figure</a> 14‑11 - The Start Function in the tutorial-14-COD-Manipulation Python Script</p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">The <b>cint</b> function can be seen in</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:11.0pt'>Figure 14‑12</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. Using the <b>gpsx.getValue</b> function, the cint function obtains the final values of our variables of interest.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after: avoid'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width= "367" height="138" id="Picture 289" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image256.png" alt="image" name="Picture 289" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9856285">Figure</a> 14‑12 - The cint Function in the tutorial-14-COD-Manipulation Python Script</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:72.0pt'>The <b>eor</b> function can be seen in <b>Figure 14‑13</b>. This function is simply used to format the data collected in the cint function.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "474" height="149" id="Picture 290" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image257.png" alt="image" name="Picture 290" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9857257">Figure</a> 14‑13 - The eor Function in the tutorial-14-COD-Manipulation Python Script</p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">15.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">Save the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">16.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">Run the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. The simulation output can be seen in</span> <b>Figure 14‑14</b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. From the output, it is important to note that changing the value of a GPS-X variable with Python will not have an immediate effect on the other variables in GPS-X. This is illustrated when looking at the Adjusted influent and effluent variables in the output. Well Python changes the influent variables, the effluent variables remain unchanged. The effluent variables will not be calculated until the simulation resumes. You can use Python to access the newly calculated effluent variable values at the next communication interval.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="268" height="456" id= "Picture 296" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image258.png" alt="image" name="Picture 296" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9857525">Figure</a> 14‑14 - Output of the tutorial-14-COD-Manipulation Python Script</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306169">Installing Python Libraries</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>The power of using the Python programming language alongside GPS-X comes from Python’s active community of users making open source libraries that preform a variety of functions in Python. To use these libraries, you are required to install them in the directory where you are running Python from. This tutorial will focus on the instillation of Python in a Windows environment assuming an internet connection is available for your machine.</p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">17.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">Open the Command Window</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. The command window can be opened by going to the start menu and typing ‘cmd’. Hit the Enter key.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">18.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">Access the Directory</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. You need to access the directory where GPS-X has been installed on your computer. Once you have found the GPS-X directory, you will need to create a path to it in the command window.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">If you are using Python version 3.7, open the folder named python37 in the GPS-X instillation directory. Copy the address of the directory by right clicking on the file explorer address bar and selecting <i>Copy address</i>. The address will end in:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'> <i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'> <i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">GPS-X80\python37</span></i></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'> <i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">If you are using Python version 2.7, open the folder named python in the GPS-X instillation directory. Copy the address of the directory by right clicking on the file explorer address bar and selecting <i>Copy address</i>. The address will end in:</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:center'><i><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">GPS-X80\python</span></i></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:center'><i><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">In the command window, enter cd and paste the copied address. Hit <b>Enter</b> to make this the active directory.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:center'><i><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">cd <Paste address here></span></i></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after: avoid'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width= "471" height="237" id="Picture 2" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image259.png" alt= "A screenshot of a computer screen Description automatically generated" name="Picture 2" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 14‑15 - Accessing the GPS-X Python directory</p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">19.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">Update pip</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. pip is a package installer included in the base Python instillation that is used to install libraries in Python. First ensure pip is fully updated by typing:</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:center'><i><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:center'><i><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">python -m pip install --upgrade pip</span></i></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:center'><i><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">Press the enter key. Using an Internet connection, pip will search to see if any updates are available for the pip library. If updates are available, pip will update itself and any out of date dependencies.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after: avoid'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width= "518" height="262" id="Picture 3" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image260.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 3" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 14‑16 - Updating the Python pip Package Manager</p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">20.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">Install matplotlib</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. We will now be installing matplotlib, a library that is used for plotting data within Python. To install matplotlib, type the following into the command window and hit Enter:</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:center'><i><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">python -m pip install matplotlib</span></i></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:center'><i><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText"><i><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></i> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">pip will automatically install matplotlib and its dependencies in the specified directory.</span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after: avoid'><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width= "582" height="295" id="Picture 4" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image261.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 4" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 14‑17 - pip Installing matplotlib</p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">21.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang= "EN-US">Check the Install</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US">. Any libraries that you have installed to your version of Python can be seen in your GPS-X download directory. If you are using Python 3.7 go to:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">GPS-X80>python37>Lib>site-packages</span></i></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">If you are using Python 2.7 go to:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">GPS-X80>python>Lib>site-packages</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <i><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></i></p> </div> <i><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang="EN-US"><br clear="all" style= 'page-break-before:always' /></span></i> <div class="WordSection16"> <h1><a name="_Ref11227254"></a><a name="_Toc21088992"></a><a name= "_Toc21089533"></a><a name="_Toc21088993"></a><a name= "_Toc21089534"></a><a 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name="_Toc21089048"></a><a name= "_Toc21089589"></a><a name="_Toc21089049"></a><a name= "_Toc21089590"></a><a name="_Toc21089050"></a><a name= "_Toc21089591"></a><a name="_Toc21089051"></a><a name= "_Toc21089592"></a><a name="_Toc21089052"></a><a name= "_Toc21089593"></a><a name="_Toc21089053"></a><a name= "_Toc21089594"></a><a name="_Toc21089054"></a><a name= "_Toc21089595"></a><a name="_Toc21089055"></a><a name= "_Toc21089596"></a><a name="_Toc21089056"></a><a name= "_Toc21089597"></a><a name="_Toc21089057"></a><a name= "_Toc21089598"></a><a name="_Toc21089058"></a><a name= "_Toc21089599"></a><a name="_Toc21089059"></a><a name= "_Toc21089600"></a><a name="_Toc21089060"></a><a name= "_Toc21089601"></a><a name="_Toc21089061"></a><a name= "_Toc21089602"></a><a name="_Toc21089062"></a><a name= "_Toc21089603"></a><a name="_Toc21089063"></a><a name= "_Toc21089604"></a><a name="_Toc21089064"></a><a name= "_Toc21089605"></a><a name="_Toc21089065"></a><a name= "_Toc21089606"></a><a name="_Toc21089066"></a><a name= "_Toc21089607"></a><a name="_Toc21089067"></a><a name= "_Toc21089608"></a><a name="_Toc21089068"></a><a name= "_Toc21089609"></a><a name="_Toc21089069"></a><a name= "_Toc21089610"></a><a name="_Toc21089070"></a><a name= "_Toc21089611"></a><a name="_Toc22306170"></a><span lang="EN-US" style='font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 15<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2><a name="_Toc22306171"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">GPS-X with Python – Random Events</span></a></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306172">Problem Statement</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>When building a model, it is often easy to overlook that many variables in the system may exhibit random behaviour. Additionally, if it is recognized that some variables, such as storm frequency and severity, historic data may be unavailable and creating data for the simulation may introduce an input bias to the system. By using Python, we can introduce truly unique data to the system and visualize how it will react.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>By using random inputs, you can see how your wastewater treatment plant will react under unpredictable operating conditions. For example, when designing a plant, data may be available that details the influent that the plant can expect, but this data often omits random and unpredictable events such as storms that will impact your influent flow. Using Python’s random number generator, we will create a simulation to visualize the effects of storm frequency and severity on the influent flow rate to a plant and how this flow rate can be controlled.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The GPS-X <i>Advanced Tools</i> module is required to complete this tutorial.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306173">Objectives</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>Upon completion of this tutorial, you will have an understanding of how Python’s random number generator can be used to generate random events in GPS-X and visualize the impact they on the operation of your plant.</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306174">Setting Up the Layout</a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a new layout</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">consisting of:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:125.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt;line-height:150%'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">A wastewater influent object,</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:125.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt;line-height:150%'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">a stormwater runoff (Influent tab)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:125.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt;line-height:150%'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">a 2-flow combiner,</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:125.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt;line-height:150%'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">a plug-flow tank,</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:125.85pt;text-indent:-17.85pt;line-height:150%'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">a circular secondary clarifier</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:125.85pt;text-indent: -17.85pt;line-height:150%'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">a wastewater outfall</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Use the <i>mantis2lib</i> library and the default model selections (the <b><i>codstates</i></b> influent model, the <b><i>mantis2</i></b> plug flow tank model and the <b><i>simple1d</i></b> circular clarifier model). </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Connect the unit processes and add the labels</span> displayed in <b>Figure 15‑1</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "613" height="272" id="Picture 341" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image262.png" alt= "A close up of a device Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 341" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref9947962">Figure</a> 15‑1 - Tutorial 15 Layout</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Save the layout</b> as ‘<i>tutorial-15</i>’.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Enter Simulation Mode</b>.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Create an output plot for the flow leaving the Influent Combiner as described in <b>Tutorial 2</b> (Right click the 2-flow combiner object <i>Output Variables > Flow</i>). Set the plot to autoscale.</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306175">Creating a Random Event</a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the Existing Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. We have included a pre-written Python script for creating a random event. Locate and open the <b>tutorial-15-Random.py</b> Python script in the following subdirectory of the GPS-X installation:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">\layouts\08tutorials\</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Save the Python Script</b>. Save the Python script in the same directory as the layout file.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Add the Python Script to the Layout</b>. In the Python Script Manager press the <b>Add</b> button and select the script. Press <b>Open</b>.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:60.55pt;text-indent: 0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Edit the Python Script</b>. Press the <b>Edit</b> button to open the script in Notepad. The script has been broken into 2 sections:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style= 'font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> User Inputs:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:144.0pt;text-indent:0cm'>The User Inputs section currently contains a list variable that corresponds to the rain fall depths that the Stormwater Runoff object can generate in mm/hr. It also contains a variable that will represent the user defined communication interval and stop time.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "445" height="129" id="Picture 348" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image263.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 348" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 15‑2 - The User Inputs Section of the Python Script</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><span style= 'font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Functions:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:144.0pt;text-indent: 0cm'>The Functions section of the script contains the four functions that are automatically generated by GPS-X when creating a new Python script. In the Start function, a new pre-defined GPS-X recognized command, <b>gpsx.setCint</b> is introduced. This command allows you to change the communication interval used in the GPS-X simulation directly within Python. To use the <b>gpsx.setCint</b> command, enter the desired communication interval in the parenthesis.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:144.0pt;text-indent: 0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:144.0pt;text-indent:0cm'>The randomness in this script is introduced in the cint function. In the cint function, Python’s random library is used to generate random integer numbers. Using conditional formatting, these random integers are then used to assign a value to the rainfall depths variable in the Stormwater Runoff object, creating random behaviour in the simulation.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "399" height="565" id="Picture 349" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image264.png" alt="image" name="Picture 349" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 15‑3 - The Functions Section of the Python Script</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Save the Python Script</b>.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 10.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Run the Script</b>. Press the Run button in the <b>Python Script Manager</b>. A sample output graph can be seen in <b>Figure 15‑4</b>. Note: Your graph will appear different than what is seen here due to the randomness introduced by the Python script.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "372" height="308" id="Picture 316" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image265.png" alt= "A screenshot of a social media post Description automatically generated" name="Picture 316" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref10031863">Figure</a> 15‑4 - Output Graph of the Random Rain Event</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306176">Limiting Maximum Influent</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>With the introduction of a random rainfall event, the total influent to the plant may reach values that exceed the maximum capacity of the treatment equipment. To accommodate this, we will use Python to simulate a bypass weir.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 11.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Enter Modelling Mode</b>.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 12.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Add the following objects:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:126.0pt;text-indent: 0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:144.0pt'> <span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> A Control Splitter (This will act as our bypass weir),</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:144.0pt'> <span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> a 2-flow Combiner</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:90.0pt'>Adjust the unit connections and stream labels as seen in <b>Figure 15‑5</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "562" height="311" id="Picture 347" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image266.png" alt= "A close up of a map Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 347" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref10031959">Figure</a> 15‑5 - Tutorial 15 Layout with a Bypass Introduced</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 13.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Switch to Simulation Mode</b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 14.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Create an Output plot with the following variables:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style= 'font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Total Influent can be found in the Influent Combiner <i>Output Variables > Flow</i></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style= 'font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> The Aerator flow can be found by by right clicking the wwinf connection point on the Control Splitter <i>Output Variables > Flow</i></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style= 'font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> The Bypass flow can be found by by right clicking the bypass connection point on the Control Splitter <i>Output Variables > Flow</i></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 15.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Open the Python Script Manager</b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:126.0pt;text-indent: 0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 16.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Edit the Python Script</b>. Select the “tutorial-15-Random.py” Python script and hit the <b>Edit</b> button on the Python Script Manager.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:126.0pt;text-indent: 0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 17.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Save the Script</b>. We will be modifying the “tutorial-15-Random.py” Python script in our new scenario. To avoid changing the script used in the previous section, go to <i>File > Save As</i>. In the Save As window change the <b>Save as type</b> to All Files and save the script with a new name ending in .py extension (eg. “tutorial-15-Bypass.py”)</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:126.0pt;text-indent: 0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 18.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> We will need to make following changes to the Python script:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span style= 'font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Add the following to the User Input Section:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> MaxAeratorFlow = 4000</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:108.0pt'>This value represents the maximum allowable flow rate that the Aerator can handle.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "382" height="116" id="Picture 350" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image267.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 350" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 15‑6 - Changes to the User Inputs Section in the Bypass Python Script</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph"><span style= 'font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Add the following to the global variables defined at the start of the cint section:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> MaxAeratorFlow</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph"><span style= 'font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Add the following to the end of the cint function:</p> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:178.6pt;line-height:normal'>Inflow = gpsx.getValue('qmixinf')</p> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:178.6pt;line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:178.6pt;line-height:normal'>if Inflow > MaxAeratorFlow:</p> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:178.6pt;line-height:normal'> gpsx.setValue('qconbypass', (Inflow - MaxAeratorFlow))</p> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:178.6pt;line-height:normal'>else:</p> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:178.6pt;line-height:normal'> gpsx.setValue('qconbypass', 0.0)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <img border="0" width="433" height="718" id="Picture 337" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image268.png" alt= "A screenshot of a social media post Description automatically generated" name="Picture 337" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 15‑7 - Changes to the Functions Section in the Bypass Python Script</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:126.0pt'>This block finds the total influent that is entering the plant from both influent objects and determines if it is greater than what the Aerator can handle. If the influent flow rate is greater than the maximum aerator flow rate, the excess is bypassed.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 19.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Save the Script</b>.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 20.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Run the Script</b>. A sample output can be seen in <b>Figure 15‑8</b>. Note: your output will appear different due to the randomness in this script.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:90.0pt'>Notice that by controlling the bypass this way, any flow that would exceed the maximum allowable aerator influent of 4,000 m3/d is instantaneously bypassed and the influent limit is never exceeded.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "415" height="381" id="Picture 344" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image269.png" alt="image" name="Picture 344" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref10109257">Figure</a> 15‑8 - Output of the "tutorial-15-Bypass" Python Script</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306177">Creating an Input Delay</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>When running a GPS-X simulation, changes caused by control loops happen instantaneously, but this assumption does not always translate directly to the real world as input delays and equipment start up times may cause a discrepancy between the detection of an event and when it is corrected for. We will now look at how we can use Python to delay the time it takes for the model to address a deviation from setpoint.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 21.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Open</b> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">the Existing Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. We have included a Python script that has already been written to delay the bypasses ability to control the influent. Locate and open the <b>tutorial-15-Delay.py</b> Python script in the following subdirectory of the GPS-X installation directory:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">\layouts\08tutorials\</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 22.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Save the Python Script</b> in the active directory</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 23.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Open the Python Script Manger</b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:126.0pt;text-indent: 0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 24.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Add the Script</b> to the Python Script Manager</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:126.0pt;text-indent: 0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 25.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Edit the Script</b>. This Python script is built from the “tutorial-15-Bypass.py” Python script. We will now discuss the changes made from that Python script:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style= 'font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Influent: A list variable called Influent has been added to the start function. This variable is used in the cint function to collect the total influent flow at every communication interval.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style= 'font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Count: A variable called count has been added to the start function. This variable is used to track the number of communication intervals that have occurred. The communication interval time has been reduced in this Python script, so the count variable tracks the communication intervals to ensure the random event still occurs on the communication interval that corresponds to 1 day being elapsed.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span style= 'font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Bypass Control: The bypass control from the previous Python script has been modified and now compares the total influent flow that occurred 5 confidence intervals prior to the maximum allowable flow rate to the aerator. This introduces a delay of 5 communication intervals to the bypasses ability to control a deviation in the influent flow rate.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "396" height="131" id="Picture 342" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image270.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 342" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 15‑9 - Changes to the User Inputs Section of the Delayed Bypass Python Script</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "436" height="763" id="Picture 351" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image271.png" alt= "A screenshot of a social media post Description automatically generated" name="Picture 351" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 15‑10 - Changes to the Functions Section of the Delayed Bypass Python Script</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 26.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Save the Script</b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> 27.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b>Run the Script</b>. A sample output can be seen in <b>Figure 15‑11</b>. Note: your output will appear different due to the randomness in this script.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:90.0pt'>Notice that when the Aerator influent limit is exceeded, the bypass does not immediately activate, and excess influent enters the Aerator. It can also be noted that when the bypass is activated, that the amount bypassed exceeds what is actually required to meet the maximum influent allowed to enter the aerator.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "404" height="371" id="Picture 345" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image272.png" alt= "A screenshot of a social media post Description automatically generated" name="Picture 345" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref10115673">Figure</a> 15‑11 - Output of the "tutorial-15-Delay" Python Script</p> </div> <span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <div class="WordSection17"> <h1><a name="_Ref11227319"></a><a name="_Toc21089079"></a><a name= "_Toc21089620"></a><a name="_Toc21089080"></a><a name= "_Toc21089621"></a><a name="_Toc21089081"></a><a name= 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"_Toc21089658"></a><a name="_Toc21089118"></a><a name= "_Toc21089659"></a><a name="_Toc21089119"></a><a name= "_Toc21089660"></a><a name="_Toc21089120"></a><a name= "_Toc21089661"></a><a name="_Toc21089121"></a><a name= "_Toc21089662"></a><a name="_Toc21089122"></a><a name= "_Toc21089663"></a><a name="_Toc21089123"></a><a name= "_Toc21089664"></a><a name="_Toc21089124"></a><a name= "_Toc21089665"></a><a name="_Toc21089125"></a><a name= "_Toc21089666"></a><a name="_Toc21089126"></a><a name= "_Toc21089667"></a><a name="_Toc21089127"></a><a name= "_Toc21089668"></a><a name="_Toc21089128"></a><a name= "_Toc21089669"></a><a name="_Toc21089129"></a><a name= "_Toc21089670"></a><a name="_Toc21089130"></a><a name= "_Toc21089671"></a><a name="_Toc21089131"></a><a name= "_Toc21089672"></a><a name="_Toc21089132"></a><a name= "_Toc21089673"></a><a name="_Toc21089133"></a><a name= "_Toc21089674"></a><a name="_Toc21089134"></a><a name= "_Toc21089675"></a><a name="_Toc21089135"></a><a name= "_Toc21089676"></a><a name="_Toc21089136"></a><a name= "_Toc21089677"></a><a name="_Toc21089137"></a><a name= "_Toc21089678"></a><a name="_Toc21089138"></a><a name= "_Toc21089679"></a><a name="_Toc21089139"></a><a name= "_Toc21089680"></a><a name="_Toc21089140"></a><a name= "_Toc21089681"></a><a name="_Toc21089141"></a><a name= "_Toc21089682"></a><a name="_Toc21089142"></a><a name= "_Toc21089683"></a><a name="_Toc21089143"></a><a name= "_Toc21089684"></a><a name="_Toc21089144"></a><a name= "_Toc21089685"></a><a name="_Toc22306178"></a><span lang="EN-US" style='font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 16<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2><a name="_Toc22306179"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">GPS-X with Python – Sensitivity Analysis</span></a></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306180">Problem Statement</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>When creating a new model, it is common to preform a sensitivity analysis to analyze the effects that uncertainty in your parameters will have on the model. While visualizing the effects of changing a single parameter may offer the user a way to test the validity of a given model, it is often difficult to visualize the effects the effect that simultaneously changing multiple parameters will have on the model. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>By systematically altering the parameters used in a given system, you can develop a detailed understanding of how the variables in your model interact with each other. Through the use of Python, the analysis process in GPS-X can be simplified and you can create detailed sensitivity maps to visualize the relationship between variables in your system. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>In this tutorial, the sensitivity of a plant’s effluent ammonia will be examined using two different methods. First, we will look at the sensitivity of effluent ammonia to simultaneous changes to both liquid temperature and the secondary clarifier’s wastage flow rate by producing a 3-Dimensional sensitivity map. We will then explore how various sets of operating conditions can be compared to each other directly on a 2-Dimensional plot using scenarios in GPS-X.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The GPS-X <i>Advanced Tools</i> module is required to complete this tutorial.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306181">Objectives</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The purpose of this tutorial is to see how Python can be used to maximize the information you extract from GPS-X. By the end of this tutorial, you can use Python to create detailed sensitivity analysis in GPS-X.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Plots in this section will be created using the matplotlib library in Python which must first be installed into Python, as described in </span><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Tutorial 14</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. The plots will be displayed using the Pillow (referred to as PIL in python) library which also must be installed.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306182"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Two Manipulated Variable Sensitivity Analysis</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">We will now look at how Python can be used to model the sensitivity of an output variable to two simultaneously manipulated inputs. Ensure matplotlib and Pillow have been install to the instance of Python you are using as described in</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 14</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">before proceeding with this Tutorial.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the layout</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">created in </span><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 1</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">and save it as <i>‘tutorial-16’</i>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="523" height="277" id= "Picture 302" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image273.png" alt= "A close up of a device Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 302" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 16‑1 - Tutorial 16 Layout</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to</span> <b><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Simulation Mode</span></b> <span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">if not already there.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the Existing Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. We have included a Python script that has already been written to perform the sensitivity analysis. Locate and open the ‘<b>tutorial-16-3D.py</b>’Python script found in the following subdirectory of the GPS-X installation:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">\layouts\08tutorials\</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Save the script in the current working directory.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the Python Script Manager</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. The Python Script Manager can be accessed by through <i>Tools > Python Script Manager</i> on the main toolbar.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add the Script</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">to the Python Script Manager. Press the <b>Add</b> button and select <b>tutorial-16-3D.py</b> from the menu. Press Open to add it to the Python Script Manager.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:60.55pt;text-indent: 0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Edit the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press the <b>Edit</b> button to open the Python script in Notepad.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The script is broken into 4 major sections:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:78.55pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">User Inputs:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent: 0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The user inputs section is where the user can define the range of values they would like to include in the sensitivity analysis. The user can specify upper and lower bounds for both the liquid temperature and the Secondary Clarifier wastage flowrate.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent: 0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The user can also specify the number of points they would like to use in the sensitivity analysis. The range between the minimum and maximum values assigned to each variable will be split into this many equally spaced points. A simulation will be run at each of these conditions.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="423" height="188" id= "Picture 303" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image274.png" alt="image" name="Picture 303" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 16‑2 - The User Inputs Section of the Python Script</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:78.55pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Functions:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The functions defined by GPS-X when creating a new Python script are used to manipulate variable values in GPS-X. An additional function, GpsxFn, has been added to this section. This is a user defined function. It is used to set the values for Temperature and Wastage Flow to be used in the current.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="411" height="304" id= "Picture 304" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image275.png" alt="image" name="Picture 304" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 16‑3 - The Function Section of the Python Script</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:60.55pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:78.55pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Data Collection:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">This section of the script creates the range of values to be looked at using Python’s numpy library. Using numpy, a coordinate matrix is constructed for each of the variables. The values in the matrices are equally spaced between the minimum and maximum values defined in the user inputs section. Each of these coordinates is then feed into the GPS-X simulation to determine the effluent Ammonia concentration under these operating conditions. These effluent concentrations are extracted from GPS-X and recorded in a results matrix. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "382" height="338" id="Picture 36" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image276.png" alt="image" name="Picture 36" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 16‑4 - The Data Collection Section of the Python Script</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:60.55pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:78.55pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Plotting:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">This section uses Python’s matplotlib library to create a 3-D plot of the data collected in the previous section of the Python script. The plot will be saved as a .png file in the same directory as the layout file at the end of the Python Script. Pillow is then used to open this PNG file prior to terminating the script.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "388" height="388" id="Picture 37" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image277.png" alt="image" name="Picture 37" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 16‑5 - The Plotting Section of the Python Script</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:60.55pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run the Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press the <b>Run Script</b> button on the <b>Python Script Manager</b> window.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:60.55pt;text-indent: 0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">10.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">View the Results</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. The plot produced by the script is saved as a .png file in the directory where the layout file is saved. Open the directory where you have saved the layout file and locate the PNG file named <i>“Tutorial-16-3D-4points.png”</i>. Open the PNG file to view the results of the sensitivity analysis</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="530" height="427" id= "Picture 265" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image278.png" alt="image" name="Picture 265" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 16‑6 - Sensitivity of Effluent Ammonia to Liquid Temperature and Wastage Flow</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:60.55pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Edit the Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. In the User Inputs section of the Python script, make the following changes:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Increase the LowerTemp value to 10</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">°C (this will decrease the temperature range being looked at, as little change is observed between 5 °C and 10 °C).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Increase the NumPoint value to 10 (This will increase the resolution of the of the data as more points are being sampled allowing you to better visualize trends). Note: The increased number of points will require more simulations and will take longer to run than the previous script.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">13.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run the Python Script.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:60.55pt;text-indent: 0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">View the Results</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Open the new PNG figure found in the active directory called <i>“Tutorial-16-3D-10points.png”</i>. Notice that the resolution of the plot has increased due to the increased number of sample points being used.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Note: When deciding on the number of points to use in a sensitivity analysis, keep in mind that the number of simulations required does not grow linearly with the number of points. A large number of points to be examined can lead to long wait times depending on the speed of your computer and the complexity of your layout.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="552" height="441" id= "Picture 353" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image279.png" alt= "A close up of a logo Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 353" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 16‑7 - Sensitivity of Effluent Ammonia to Liquid Temperature and Wastage Flow with an Increased Number of Sample Points</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306183"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Multi-Variable Sensitivity Analysis</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:18.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">We will now examine how we can visualize the effects of changing multiple variables in a simulation at once by using both GPS-X’s Scenario functionality and the matplotlib Python Library</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">15.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create Two New Scenarios</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Information on creating new scenarios can be found in</span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 3</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Create the two new scenarios with the following specifications:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">High Flow:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent: -9.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">o </span><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Derived new scenario from: Base Model</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent: -9.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">o </span><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change Influent Flow Rate, found under <i>Influent > Flow > Flow Data</i>, to 4,000 m3/day</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent: -9.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">o </span><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change Aerator maximum volume, found under <i>Aeration Tank > Input Parameters > Physical</i>, to 1,500 m3</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Low Flow:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent: -9.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">o </span><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Derived new scenario from: Base Model</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent: -9.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">o </span><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change Influent Flow Rate, found under <i>Influent > Flow > Data</i>, to 500m3/day</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent: -9.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">o </span><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change Aerator volume, found under <i>Aeration Tank > Input Parameters > Physical</i>, to 750 m3</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent: 0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">16.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the Existing Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. We have included a pre-written Python script that will perform a 2-Dimensional sensitivity analysis. Locate and open the <b>tutorial-16-2D.py</b> Python script found in the following subdirectory of the GPS-X installation directory:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">\layouts\08tutorials\</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">17.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Edit the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press the <b>Edit</b> button to open the Python script in Notepad. The script is setup using the same 4 sections as the previous script. We will now walkthrough what each section does:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">User Inputs:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:99.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The user must define the temperature range they are interested in viewing and the number of equally spaced points they would like this range to be broken into. You can also specify the target effluent ammonia concentration, which will be superimposed on our output graph.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="385" height="228" id= "Picture 305" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image280.png" alt="image" name="Picture 305" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 16‑8 - The User Input Section of the Python Script</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> <span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Functions:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The functions defined by GPS-X when creating a new Python script are used to manipulate variable values in GPS-X</span>. A user defined function GpsxFn is also included to manage the scenario and temperature to be used in the current simulation. In the GpsxFn function, a new GPS-X recognized command, <b>gpsx.setScenario</b>, is introduced. This command allows you to select which scenario will be active during the GPS-X simulation by including the name of the scenario as a string in the parenthesis.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><b><img border="0" width="438" height="343" id="Picture 307" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image281.png" alt="image" name="Picture 307" /></b></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 16‑9 - The Function Section of the Python Script</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> <span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Data Collection:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:0cm'>The temperature range to be examined is converted to a vector of equally spaced points in this section. This vector is then cycled through and each temperature in the vector is applied to each GPS-X scenario being analyzed. The effluent ammonia in each scenario is extracted from GPS-X and recorded to a list of results in Python.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "387" height="402" id="Picture 38" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image282.png" alt="image" name="Picture 38" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 16‑10 - The Data Collection Section of the Python Script</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:90.0pt'> <span style='font-family:Symbol'>·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Plotting:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:0cm'>The results of the simulations are plotted on a single axis. A line representing the target effluent ammonia concentration is superimposed on the graph. The graph is then saved as a PNG file in the same directory the layout file is saved in with the name “Tutorial-16-2D-4points.png. Pillow will open this PNG at the end of the simulation.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "417" height="381" id="Picture 39" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image283.png" alt="image" name="Picture 39" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 16‑11 - The Plotting Section of the Python Script</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">18.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">19.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run the Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press the <b>Run Script</b> button on the <b>Python Script Manager</b> window.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:60.55pt;text-indent: 0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">20.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">View the Results</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. The plot produced by the script is saved as a .png file in the directory where the layout file is saved. Open the directory where you have saved the layout file and locate the file named <i>“Tutorial-16-2D-4points.png”</i>. Open the image file to view the results of the script.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:126.0pt;text-indent: 0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">From the results, we can see how the three different scenarios compare to each other. The Low Flow and Base Model scenarios are similar for all temperatures, but they both have a lower effluent ammonia concentration than the High Flow scenario at low temperatures. Using the superimposed goal line, we can also determine that the Low Flow and Base Model scenarios have an acceptable effluent ammonia concentration at a liquid temperature of ~ 16</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">°</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">C while the High Flow scenario has an acceptable effluent ammonia concentration at a liquid temperature of ~ 19</span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">°</span><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">C.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:center; page-break-after:avoid'> <img border="0" width="435" height="332" id="Picture 321" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image284.png" alt= "A close up of a map Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 321" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 16‑12 - Effects of Liquid Temperature on Effluent Ammonia</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:60.55pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">21.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Rerun the Script</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">with new conditions. Increase the number of the number of points to be analyzed in the temperature range to 10. Increase the influent flow rate in the High Flow scenario to 5,000 m3/d.</span></p> </div> <span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif' xml:lang="EN-US"><br clear="all" style= 'page-break-before:always' /></span> <div class="WordSection18"> <h1><a name="_Ref11227373"></a><a name="_Toc21089151"></a><a name= "_Toc21089692"></a><a name="_Toc22306184"></a><span lang="EN-US" style='font-weight:normal' xml:lang="EN-US">Tutorial 17<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2><a name="_Toc22306185"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">GPS-X with Python – Java Classes</span></a></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306186"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Problem Statement</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The integration of Python in GPS-X allows you to customize how you use GPS-X and well there is a wealth of open source libraries available for Python, there may not always be a library available that meets your needs. To offer additional functionality to Python in GPS-X, the ability to add Java JAR files has been included. This will allow you to easily access JAR files to offer additional tools to customize your GPS-X experience.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The GPS-X <i>Advanced Tools</i> module is required to complete this tutorial.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306187"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Objectives</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The purpose of this tutorial is to develop an understanding of how Python can be used to access Java JAR files within GPS-X. In this tutorial, we will look at how JAR files can be added to GPS-X and then we will use these JAR files with the Java Virtual Machine to dynamically visualize how steady state operating conditions affect a simulation.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306188"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Adding Jar Class Paths</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">To use Java with Python in GPS-X, you must first provide GPS-X with a pathway to the JAR files that you would like to use. In this tutorial we will be using JAR files from JFreeChart, an open-source Java framework that is used for generating a variety of interactive charts.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> 1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Open a blank GPS-X layout.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> 2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Access the JAR files</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. We have included a folder containing the JAR files that you will need for this tutorial. Locate the folder “<b>tutorial-17-JARS</b>” in the following subdirectory of the GPS-X installation:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:90.0pt;text-indent:0cm'> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">\layouts\08tutorials\</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Copy the folder and paste it into your current working directory.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the Python Preferences</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. The Python preference menu can be opened by going <i>View > Preferences</i> on the main toolbar. Open the <i>Python</i> tab.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="438" height="347" id= "Picture 458" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image285.png" alt="image" name="Picture 458" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 17‑1 - The Python Preferences Menu</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Edit the JAR Classpath</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press the <b>Edit…</b> button next the <b>JAR Classpath</b> entry field to open the JAR Classpath Manager.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="423" height="343" id= "Picture 459" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image286.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 459" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 17‑2 - JAR Classpath Manager</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add the JAR Classpath</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press the <b>Add JAR/Folder…</b> button to open directory. Locate the <b>tutorial-17-JARS</b> folder you had previously copied and open it. Press the <b>Add JAR/Folder</b> button to add the entire folder to the JAR Classpath. Note that you can add single JARs using this method as well by selecting the desired JAR and then pressing the <b>Add</b> <b>JAR/Folder</b> button.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Accept the JAR Classpath.</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Press the <b>Accept</b> button on the JAR Classpath Manager to return to the Python preferences manager.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Accept the new Python Settings</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press <b>Accept</b> on the Python preferences screen and you will be prompted to restart GPS-X for the new changes to take effect. Press</span> <b>OK</b> to accept the changes to the Python preferences and close GPS-X.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="366" height="94" id= "Picture 366" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image287.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 366" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 17‑3 - GPS-X Prompt to restart Python for the New Preferences to take Effect</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306189">Using JARS to Create Real Time Plots</a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Reopen GPS-X</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">and open the layout created in <b>Tutorial 1</b>. Save the layout as <i>‘tutorial-17</i>’.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="550" height="292" id= "Picture 436" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image288.png" alt= "A close up of a device Description automatically generated" name= "Picture 436" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 17‑4 - Layout used in Tutorial 17</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">10.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Make the following changes to the layout:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the Influent Flow Type, which can be found under <i>Influent > Flow > Flow Type</i> to Sinusoidal</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Change the Influent Flow Rate which can be found under <i>Influent > Flow > Data</i>, to 3,000 m3/day</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Switch to Simulation Mode</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the Layout</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">13.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">A Python script has already been created for use in this tutorial. Locate and open the Python script called ‘<b>tutorial-17.py</b>’. The Python script can be found in the following directory:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:center'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">\layouts\08tutorials\</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Save the script in the current working directory.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">15.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add the Script to GPS-X</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Open the Python Script Manager in GPS-X and add the Python script to GPS-X.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">16.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Edit the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press the <b>Edit</b> button to open the script in Notepad. This script is broken into two primary sections Functions and Plotting. We will now discuss what the script is doing:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The Function section contains the standard GPS-X functions that are included when GPS-X creates a new script. The cint() function is used to collect data at every communication interval. An additional user defined function, <b>createDialPlot</b>, has also been added to this section. This function is used to create and format a Dial plot in the Java Virtual Machine.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="365" height="315" id= "Picture 470" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image289.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 470" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 17‑5 - Functions Section of the Non-Steady State Test Python Script</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The Plotting section of the script runs the simulation and creates a JPanel that the Dial plot and a XY line chart will be added to. The Dial Plot is used to track the time that has been elapsed in the simulation well the XY Line Chart tracks changes in the value of the output variable.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="483" height="616" id= "Picture 471" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image290.png" alt="image" name="Picture 471" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 17‑6 - Plotting Section of the Non-Steady State Test Python Script</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Two new GPS-X recognized Python commands are introduced in this section:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">gpsx.resetAllValues</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">. This command is used to reset the value of all the variables back to their value when initially entering Simulation Mode. No input is required for this command</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> <b>gpsx.setSteady</b>. This function allows you to toggle the steady state setting in GPS-X through Python. To set steady state on, type True in the parenthesis. To turn steady state off, type False in the parenthesis</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">17.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">18.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press the <b>Run Script</b> button with the script highlighted.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">19.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">By viewing the plot produced at the end of the simulation, as seen in</span> <b>Figure 17‑7</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">, it can be noted that the total suspended solids in the secondary clarifiers recycle stream is initially very high and unpredictable. As the simulation continues to run, the level of total suspended solids reflects the sinusoidal influent pattern. After approximately 30 days, the output exhibits a constant upper and lower limit of total suspended solids in the recycle stream as a function of the influent flow. This is representative of the system reaching steady state.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="547" height="282" id= "Picture 450" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image291.png" alt="image" name="Picture 450" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref11060163">Figure</a> 17‑7 – Non-Steady-State Python Script Output</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">20.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Update the Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. We will now update the script so that it starts the simulation at steady state. Change the value fed to the <b>gpsx.setSteady</b> to True. Additionally, change the y-axis limits on the chart, defined by the rangeAxis.setRange(5000.0, 11000.0) command, such that the upper limit is 8,000 mg/L of total suspended solids.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">21.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the Python script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">22.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run the Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Open the Python Script Manager. Run the script by pressing the <b>Run Script</b> button.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The results of the script can be seen in</span> <b>Figure 17‑8</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. The total suspended solids in the secondary clarifier recycle stream exhibits a sinusoidal pattern with constant maximum and minimum bounds. When this output is compared to the results of the previous Python script, it can be seen that the non-steady state simulations converges to the same output pattern as presented in the steady state simulation.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="624" height="322" id= "Picture 464" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image292.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 464" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref11066206">Figure</a> 17‑8 - Steady State Test Python Script Output</p> </div> <b><span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#4472C4'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span></b> <div class="WordSection19"> <h1><a name="_Ref19019331"></a><a name= "_Toc22306190"></a><span style='font-weight:normal'>Tutorial 18<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> </h1> <div style= 'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'> <h2><a name="_Toc22306191">GPSX With Python – DDO Optimization</a></h2> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306192">Problem Statement</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Once a model has been calibrated, mathematical optimization can be employed to find the best operating conditions to achieve certain objectives such as minimizing net energy usage, total chemical usage or the overall operating costs. These objectives are directly impacted by numerous variables in the model which the user can set independently of the other variables in the model.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The Nelder-Mead Simplex method available in GPS-X is ideal when solving optimization problems with a small number of target and manipulated variables, but can be slow as the size of the problem increases. A Data Driven Optimization (DDO) Method has been included in the GPS-X install that is ideal for optimization with multiple parameters. The computational time of this method is largely independent of the number of manipulated parameters in the optimization problem but rather depends on the complexity of the model and the number of iterations desired.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In this tutorial, we will find the optimal operating conditions to minimize a plants net energy consumption under different operating conditions. We will be manipulating variables that have direct impact on the plants energy consumption well ensuring that the plant effluent quality is maintained within emission limits.</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306193">Objective</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The purpose of this tutorial is to see how Python can be used to optimize the operating conditions used in GPS-X. By the end of this tutorial, you can use Python to solve complex optimization problems in a GPS-X layout.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306194"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Operational Constraints</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The following emission limits and operational constraints have been imposed on our treatment plant and must be observed:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoCaption" style='page-break-after:avoid'>Table 18‑1 - Plant Effluent Limits</p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTable15Grid4Accent1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="510" style= 'border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right: none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Effluent Constraint</span></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.15pt;border-top:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#4472C4; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Lower Bound</span></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.15pt;border-top:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#4472C4; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Upper Bound</span></p> </td> <td width="76" style= 'width:2.0cm;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left:none; background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Units</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>Total Suspended Solids</span></b></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>0.0</span></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>20.0</span></p> </td> <td width="76" style= 'width:2.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>mg/L</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>Total Carbonaceous BOD5</b></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 0.0</p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 10.0</p> </td> <td width="76" style= 'width:2.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> mgO<sub>2</sub>/L</p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>Total Nitrogen</span></b></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>0.0</span></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>7.5</span></p> </td> <td width="76" style= 'width:2.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>mgN/L</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>Ammonia Nitrogen</b></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 0.0</p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 0.2</p> </td> <td width="76" style= 'width:2.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> mgN/L</p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="189" style= 'width:141.5pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>Ortho-Phoshate</span></b></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>0.0</span></p> </td> <td width="123" style= 'width:92.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>0.02</span></p> </td> <td width="76" style= 'width:2.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>mgP/L</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoCaption" align="left" style= 'text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'> </p> <p class="MsoCaption" style='page-break-after:avoid'>Table 18‑2 - Plant Operational Constraints</p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTable15Grid4Accent1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="519" style= 'width:389.6pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="226" style= 'width:169.85pt;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right: none;background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Operational Constraint</span></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#4472C4; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Lower Bound</span></p> </td> <td width="113" style= 'width:3.0cm;border-top:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#4472C4; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Upper Bound</span></p> </td> <td width="76" style= 'width:2.0cm;border:solid #4472C4 1.0pt;border-left:none; background:#4472C4;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:white'>Units</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:25.5pt'> <td width="226" style= 'width:169.85pt;border:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-top: none;background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids</span></b></p> </td> <td width="104" style= 'width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none; border-bottom:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt; background:#D9E2F3;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>1500.0</span></p> </td> <td width="113" style= 'width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>5000.0</span></p> </td> <td width="76" style= 'width:2.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom: solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;border-right:solid #8EAADB 1.0pt;background:#D9E2F3; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:25.5pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <span style='color:black'>mg/L</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <h3><a name="_Toc22306195">Creating an Objective Function</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">We will now look at how custom GPS-X code can be used to create an objective function. Alternatively, this could be obtained directly in Python by collecting each variable in the objective function and directly calculating the objective function.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Load the starting point layout.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> We’ve already set up a layout to be used for this tutorial. The layout can be found at <b><i>File > Sample Layouts > Tutorials> Tutorial 18 (Starting Point)</i>.</b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="597" height="308" id= "Picture 50" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image293.png" alt="image" name="Picture 50" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 18‑1 - Tutorial 18 Layout</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the Layout</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">with a new name. We will be making changes to the layout and do not want to change the starting point layout.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open the Macros User File</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. This can be opened by going to <b><i>Layout > General Data > User Files > Macros…</i></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="485" height="175" id= "Picture 59" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image294.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 59" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 18‑2 - Accessing the Macro File</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">You will be adding code to the <b>Derivative</b> section of the Macro file.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add Macro Code</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. You will be creating a single GPS-X variable to represent our objective function. Add the following code to the <b>DERIVATIVE SECTION</b> of the macro file to allow GPS-X to automatically calculate this variable.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'> <i><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:8.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'> <i><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:8.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang="EN-US">netenergylayout = totalpowerkw - electricitySavedwdig/24.0</span></i></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="486" height="293" id= "Picture 61" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image295.png" alt= "A screenshot of a social media post Description automatically generated" name="Picture 61" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 18‑3 - Updated Macro Code</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">The netenergylayout variable will be our optimization objective function. The calculation examines the difference between the instantaneous energy consumption (kW) in the plant and the estimated electricity that can be generated by the digester unit (kWh). </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click Accept</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">in the Macros window to save the changes.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><b>an Output Variable</b> for the objective function. The custom Output Variables entry form can be found by going to <b><i>Layout > General Data > User Files > Output Variables…</i></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">7.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add the following code to the output variable entry form:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center'><span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Courier New"'>display netenergylayout !Net Energy Used in the Layout !kW</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">8.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Click Accept</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">in the Output Variables window to save the changes.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">9.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the Layout</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><b>and reload</b>. This will cause GPS-X to read in the output variable and create a menu for it under <b><i>Layout > General Data > User > Output Variables > User Defined Output Variables</i></b> as displayed in</span> <b>Figure 18‑4</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="428" height="124" id= "Picture 94" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image296.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 94" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref19607407">Figure</a> 18‑4 - User Defined Output Variables Menu</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='text-indent:0cm'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">10.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Open Simulation Mode</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">11.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create a Digital Type Output Graph</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">containing the following variables:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Layout > General Data > User > Output Variables > User Defined Output Variables > Net Energy used in the Layout</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Aerobic 2 effluent > Concentrations > Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Effluent > Concentrations > Total Suspended Solids</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Effluent > Concentrations > total cBOD5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Effluent > Concentrations > Ammonia Nitrogen</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Effluent > Concentrations > Total Nitrogen</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:Symbol' xml:lang="EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Effluent > Concentrations > Ortho-Phosphate</span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">12.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run a 0-Day Steady State Simulation.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">This will allow you to see the baseline operation of the plant prior to preforming any optimization.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Notice in</span> <b>Figure 18‑5</b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">how the plant is currently has a net energy usage of 15.26 kW well exceeding the limits for both Mixed Liquor suspended Solids and Ortho-Phosphate.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="418" height="154" id= "Picture 65" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image297.png" alt="image" name="Picture 65" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref19260155">Figure</a> 18‑5 – Unoptimized Outputs of a 0-Day Steady State Simulation</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306196"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Preform DDO on 0-Day Simulation</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">13.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">A Python script has already been created for use in this tutorial. Locate and open the Python script called ‘<b>tutorial-18-0Day.py</b>’. The Python script can be found in the following directory:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:center'><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">\layouts\08tutorials\</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">14.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Save the script in the current working directory.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">15.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add the Script to GPS-X</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Open the Python Script Manager in GPS-X and add the Python script to GPS-X.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">16.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Edit the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press the <b>Edit</b> button to open the script in Notepad. We will now discuss what the script is doing:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The ctypes Python library is used to interface the DDO and sobol_sampling functions found in a Dynamic Link Library (DLL) within the GPS-X instillation. Using the ctypes library, the input types of the ddo function have been defined using the data types available in the ctypes library.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "558" height="122" id="Picture 69" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image298.png" alt="image" name="Picture 69" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 18‑6 - Adding the Dynamic Link Library Functions to the Python Script</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Next, we define the optimization conditions to be used in the optimization:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "626" height="249" id="Picture 85" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image299.png" alt="image" name="Picture 85" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 18‑7 – Optimization Problem Definition</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">nvars – represents the number of target variables to be manipulated in the optimization. This is the number of inputs we will be changing in GPS-X</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">nineq – represents the number of constraints in the optimization problem</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">n0 – This is the number of points that will be used in the training set</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">maxiter – This is the maximum number of optimizer iterations that can occur before the optimization is terminated</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">lb – These are the lower bounds of the design variables</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">ub – These are the upper bounds of the design variables</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">x0 – These are the initial guesses to be used for the design variables</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">xbest – This is a list that contains the design variable values that resulted in the best objective function value</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">fbest – This variable contains the best objective function value</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">gl – This is the lower bound of the constraints</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">gu – This is the upper bound of the constraints</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">ig – This represents the type of constraint that is being used. 0 indicates that the constraint can be ignored, 1 indicates that the constraint is a one-sided greater than or equal to constraint, 2 indicates that the constraint is a one-sided less than or equal to constraint, 3 indicates that it is a two-sided constraint, 5 represents that it is an equality constraint</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">g – This is a list where the current value of the constrained variables are stored</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">gbest – This is a list that contains the value of the constrained variables when using the design variables that resulted in the best objective function value</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">data_dvars – A matrix that is used to contain the manipulated points to be tested</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">data_resp – A matrix that contains the results of the tested conditions</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">points_of_interest – Is a matrix of points that the ddo optimizer would like to investigate</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:72.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" style='font-family:Symbol' xml:lang= "EN-US">·<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">PTOL –Is the optimizer tolerance to be used for termination prior to reaching the maximum number of iterations</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "415" height="411" id="Picture 95" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image300.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 95" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 18‑8 - Functions to Set Input Values and Collect Outputs</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The userfunc to set the current value of the design variables in GPS-X and start a simulation in GPS-X. The value of the objective function is collected at the end of the simulation and returned from the function.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The userg function collects the value of the constrained variables at the end of the 0-Day simulation.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">17.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press the <b>Run Script</b> button with the script highlighted. The time required to run the script is affected by the speed of your workstation and the complexity of the model.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The best objective function value, the design variable values used to obtain it and the value of the constrained variables will be displayed in the output section of the Python Script Manager. The results of the 0-Day DDO optimization can be seen in</span> <b>Figure 18‑9</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Note:</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">When using the DDO optimizer, ensure that you verify that a solution has been achieved that satisfies all of the constraints. The optimizer will not tell you if some constraints have not been met.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="335" height="478" id= "Picture 116" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image301.png" alt="image" name="Picture 116" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref19027475">Figure</a> 18‑9 - Results of the 0-Day DDO Optimization</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">18.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Modify the Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Change the value of n0 to 25, the value of maxiter to 5 and the value of mpoint to 7.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">19.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">20.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. This will illustrate the tradeoff between computational speed and optimizer performance that is faced when choosing the number of iterations that the optimizer will use. By decreasing the number of iterations used, a fesiable solution is obtain in less computational time but our objective function has increased by 2.12 kW. It is important to consider this tradeoff when constructing an optimization problem</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="329" height="491" id= "Picture 173" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image302.png" alt="image" name="Picture 173" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 18‑10 - Results of the Modified 0-Day DDO Optimization</p> <h3><a name="_Toc22306197"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Preform DDO on Dynamic Simulations</span></a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Well optimizing plant operation in a 0-Day simulation can help identify possible operational improvements, it only provides a snapshot of the actual plant operation. By preforming a dynamic simulation, you can determine parameter settings that are optimal over long periods of standard operating conditions or during extreme weather conditions. Python and GPS-X both allow you to insert real plant data into the simulation, allowing you to perform an optimization on real operating conditions experienced at your plant.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Note:</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">When preforming DDO on Dynamic Data, the process can be very lengthy. The simulations in this section may take multiple hours to converge to a solution depending on the speed of your workstation.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">21.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">A Python script has already been created for use with this section of the tutorial. Locate and open the Python script titled <b>‘tutorial-18-Dynamic.py’</b>. The Python script can be found in the following directory:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt; text-align:center;text-indent:0cm'><span lang= "EN-US" style='font-family:"Courier New"' xml:lang= "EN-US">\layouts\08tutorials\</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">22.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Save the Python Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Save the script in the current working directory</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:0cm'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">23.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Add the Script to GPS-X</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Open the Python Script Manager in GPS-X and add the Python script to GPS-X.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">24.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Edit the Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">. Press the <b>Edit</b> button to open the script in Notepad. We will now discuss what has been changed from the <b>‘tutorial-18-0Day.py’</b> script:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">The script has been modified to run a 1.0 day dynamic simulation. Due to the simulation being changed to a dynamic simulation, a communication interval will now occur in the simulation. A function, as seen in</span> <b>Figure 18‑11</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">, will be called at each communication interval to collect the current value of the objection function variable and the constraints and add it to the cumulative sum. We will be minimizing the total net energy usage over the simulation period in this example.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><img border="0" width= "293" height="262" id="Picture 103" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image303.png" alt= "A close up of text on a black background Description automatically generated" name="Picture 103" /></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref18942191">Figure</a> 18‑11 - Function called at each Communication Interval in the Simulation</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">In this example, all of the collect constraint values are expected to exceed the bounds set in the 0-Day simulation as cumulative sums are now being collected rather than an instantaneous value. To accommodate this, we will constrain the average value of each constraint experienced across the communication interval. This is done by creating a variable which will track the number of communication intervals experienced during the simulation and dividing each element in array g by it. The code used to perform this average can be seen in </span><b>Figure 18‑12</b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="483" height="303" id= "Picture 108" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image304.png" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 108" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><a name="_Ref18942192">Figure</a> 18‑12 - Updated userfunc Function that Averages the Constraint Values Collected in g</p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang= "EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">25.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Create an Input controller</span></b> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">for the Influent Flow type. This variable is accessed by right clicking on the Influent Object and going to <b><i>Flow > FlowData</i></b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="462" height="84" id= "Picture 102" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image305.jpg" alt= "A screenshot of a cell phone Description automatically generated" name="Picture 102" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 18‑13 - Influent Flow Type Controller</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">26.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Using the input controller, set the influent flow type to Diurnal.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style='text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">27.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Run the Optimization Script</span></b><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="378" height="476" id= "Picture 88" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image306.png" alt="image" name="Picture 88" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption">Figure 18‑14 - DDO Optimizer Output for a 1-Day Dynamic Simulation with Diurnal Influent Flow</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style='text-indent:0cm'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">28.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">After the simulation has finished, change the influent flow type to Sinusoidal and run the Script again. This will allow you to see the effects it has on the optimization results.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;page-break-after:avoid'><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US"><img border="0" width="402" height="510" id= "Picture 89" src= "GPS-X%20v8%20Tutorial%20Manual_files/image307.png" alt="image" name="Picture 89" /></span></p> <p class="MsoCaption"><span style='font-size:10.5pt'>Figure</span> <span style='font-size:10.5pt'>18</span><span style= 'font-size:10.5pt'>‑</span><span style= 'font-size:10.5pt'>15</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt'> - DDO Optimizer Output for a 1-Day Dynamic Simulation with Sinusoidal Influent Flow</span></p> </div> <b><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#4472C4' xml:lang="EN-US"><br clear="all" style= 'page-break-before:always' /></span></b> <div class="WordSection20"> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> </div> <div><br clear="all" /> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="start.htm#_ftnref1" name= "_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class= "MsoFootnoteReference"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> [1]</span></span></span></a> See <i>GPS-X Technical Reference</i> for more information on these Models</p> </div> <div id="ftn2"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="start.htm#_ftnref2" name= "_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class= "MsoFootnoteReference"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> [2]</span></span></span></a> Output variables are defined within each object and at each of the object's connection points</p> </div> <div id="ftn3"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="start.htm#_ftnref3" name= "_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class= "MsoFootnoteReference"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> [3]</span></span></span></a> The term static is used to describe the process of data input and output in this case in order to differentiate it from the case of input and output involving time series data which is described in Tutorial 4</p> </div> <div id="ftn4"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="start.htm#_ftnref4" name= "_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class= "MsoFootnoteReference"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> [4]</span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">For the tuning mode to operate properly, the <b>controller sampling time</b> must be set to a reasonable value, e.g. the execution time of the controller to be implemented. This is why the controller sampling time was left as 0.05 days</span></p> </div> </div> <div><br clear="all" /> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="edn1"> <p class="MsoEndnoteText" style= 'margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:-72.0pt'><a href= "start.htm#_ednref1" name="_edn1" title=""><span class= "MsoEndnoteReference"><span class= "MsoEndnoteReference"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> [i]</span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN-US" xml:lang= "EN-US">Reference:</span> Marlin T.E., Process Control: Designing Processes and Control Systems for Dynamic Performance, McGraw-Hill, 1995</p> <p class="MsoEndnoteText"><span lang="EN-US" style= 'font-size:11.0pt' xml:lang="EN-US"> </span></p> </div> </div>
Contents
Topics
Introduction
Welcome to GPS-X Version 8.0
What is GPS-X?
Why Create Models of Wastewater Treatment Plants?
Objectives
Modelling environment
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Tool Bar
Process Model Objects
Drawing Board
Simulation Environment
Input Controllers
Drawing Board
Output
Simulation Toolbar
Tutorial 1
Building a Plant Model
Introduction
Objectives
Building a Simple Plant Layout
Selecting Object Models
Building a Model
Simulation Environment
Running a Simulation
Tutorial 2
Running Dynamic Simulations
Objectives
Creating Input Controls
Creating Output Graphs
Running a Dynamic Simulation
Analyzing the Plant
Tutorial 3
Editing Layouts and Using Scenarios
Problem Statement
Objectives
Expanding the Plant
Using Scenarios
Tutorial 4
Generating Records of Model Dependent and Independent Variables
Problem Statement
Objectives
Creating a New Output Table Tab
Additional Output Displays
Creating a Sankey Diagram
Creating a Mass Balance Diagram
Viewing an Energy Usage Summary
Viewing an Operating cost Summary
Generating a Report
Tutorial 5
Influent Data & Influent Advisor
Problem Statement
Objectives
Influent Data
Using Influent Advisor
Influent Advisor Warnings
Dynamic Data Validation
Tutorial 6
Data Input & Output
Problem Statement
Objectives
Setting up Dynamic Input
Method A: Manually Preparing a Spreadsheet Input File
Method B: Using the GPS-X Data File Tool
Plotting Measured Data along with Simulated Results
Statistical Analysis of the Models Performance
Creating a Bar Chart for Steady-State Condition
Tutorial 7
Using Automatic Controllers
Problem Statement
Objectives
Using an Automatic DO Controller
Using an Automatic MLSS Controller
Setting up an Automatic MLSS Controller
Tuning the Automatic MLSS Controller
Tutorial 8
The Define Function
Problem Statement
Objectives
Setting up the Layout
Defining Mass Flows
Defining an SRT
Defining Averages
Controlling SRT with Waste Pump Rate
Tutorial 9
Sensitivity Analysis
Problem Statement
Objectives
Setting up the Layout
Setting up the Analysis Parameters
Steady-State Analysis
Time Dynamic Analysis
Phase Dynamic Analysis
Tutorial 10
Parameter Optimization
Problem Statement
Objectives
Initial Manual Calibration
Automatic Calibration Using the Optimizer
Tutorial 11
Basic Customization
Problem Statement
Objectives
Setting Up the Layout
Adding Custom Macros
Adding Custom Input Variables
Adding Custom Output Variables
Setting Up Simulations with Custom Variables
Running Simulations
Tutorial 12
Dynamic Parameter Estimator (DPE)
Problem Statement
Objectives
Setting Up the Layout
Setting Up the DPE
Tutorial 13
Monte Carlo Analysis
Problem Statement
Objectives
Setting Up the Layout
Selecting Analyze Mode
Running Simulations
Tutorial 14
GPS-X with Python - Introduction
Problem Statement
Objectives
GPS-X and Python - Basics
GPS-X and Python – Basic Simulation
Installing Python Libraries
Tutorial 15
GPS-X with Python – Random Events
Problem Statement
Objectives
Setting Up the Layout
Creating a Random Event
Limiting Maximum Influent
Creating an Input Delay
Tutorial 16
GPS-X with Python – Sensitivity Analysis
Problem Statement
Objectives
Two Manipulated Variable Sensitivity Analysis
Multi-Variable Sensitivity Analysis
Tutorial 17
GPS-X with Python – Java Classes
Problem Statement
Objectives
Adding Jar Class Paths
Using JARS to Create Real Time Plots
Tutorial 18
GPSX With Python – DDO Optimization
Problem Statement
Objective
Operational Constraints
Creating an Objective Function
Preform DDO on 0-Day Simulation
Preform DDO on Dynamic Simulations
Adding Custom Input Variables
Adding Custom Macros
Adding Custom Output Variables
Adding Jar Class Paths
Additional Output Displays
Analyzing the Plant
Automatic Calibration Using the Optimizer
Basic Customization
Building a Simple Plant Layout
Building a Model
Building a Plant Model
Controlling SRT with Waste Pump Rate
Creating a Bar Chart for Steady-State Condition
Creating a Mass Balance Diagram
Creating a New Output Table Tab
Creating a Random Event
Creating a Sankey Diagram
Creating an Input Delay
Creating an Objective Function
Creating Input Controls
Creating Output Graphs
Data Input & Output
Defining an SRT
Defining Averages
Defining Mass Flows
Drawing Board
Drawing Board
Dynamic Data Validation
Dynamic Parameter Estimator (DPE)
Editing Layouts and Using Scenarios
Expanding the Plant
Generating a Report
Generating Records of Model Dependent and Independent Variables
GPS-X and Python - Basics
GPS-X and Python – Basic Simulation
GPS-X with Python - Introduction
GPS-X with Python – Java Classes
GPS-X with Python – Random Events
GPS-X with Python – Sensitivity Analysis
GPSX With Python – DDO Optimization
Influent Advisor Warnings
Influent Data
Influent Data & Influent Advisor
Initial Manual Calibration
Input Controllers
Installing Python Libraries
Introduction
Introduction
Limiting Maximum Influent
Menu Bar
Method A: Manually Preparing a Spreadsheet Input File
Method B: Using the GPS-X Data File Tool
Modelling environment
Monte Carlo Analysis
Multi-Variable Sensitivity Analysis
Objective
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
Operational Constraints
Output
Parameter Optimization
Phase Dynamic Analysis
Plotting Measured Data along with Simulated Results
Preform DDO on 0-Day Simulation
Preform DDO on Dynamic Simulations
Problem Statement
Problem Statement
Problem Statement
Problem Statement
Problem Statement
Problem Statement
Problem Statement
Problem Statement
Problem Statement
Problem Statement
Problem Statement
Problem Statement
Problem Statement
Problem Statement
Problem Statement
Problem Statement
Process Model Objects
Running Simulations
Running a Dynamic Simulation
Running a Simulation
Running Dynamic Simulations
Running Simulations
Selecting Analyze Mode
Selecting Object Models
Sensitivity Analysis
Setting up an Automatic MLSS Controller
Setting up Dynamic Input
Setting Up Simulations with Custom Variables
Setting up the Analysis Parameters
Setting Up the DPE
Setting up the Layout
Setting up the Layout
Setting Up the Layout
Setting Up the Layout
Setting Up the Layout
Setting Up the Layout
Simulation Environment
Simulation Environment
Simulation Toolbar
Statistical Analysis of the Models Performance
Steady-State Analysis
The Define Function
Time Dynamic Analysis
Title Bar
Tool Bar
Tuning the Automatic MLSS Controller
Tutorial 1
Tutorial 10
Tutorial 11
Tutorial 12
Tutorial 13
Tutorial 14
Tutorial 15
Tutorial 16
Tutorial 17
Tutorial 18
Tutorial 2
Tutorial 3
Tutorial 4
Tutorial 5
Tutorial 6
Tutorial 7
Tutorial 8
Tutorial 9
Two Manipulated Variable Sensitivity Analysis
Using Scenarios
Using an Automatic DO Controller
Using an Automatic MLSS Controller
Using Automatic Controllers
Using Influent Advisor
Using JARS to Create Real Time Plots
Viewing an Energy Usage Summary
Viewing an Operating cost Summary
Welcome to GPS-X Version 8.0
What is GPS-X?
Why Create Models of Wastewater Treatment Plants?
